Effect of heat treatment parameters on the physical, mechanical, and crystallinity index properties of Scots pine and beech wood

Birinci, Emre; Karamanoğlu, Mehmet; Kesik, Hacı İsmail; Kaymakçı, Alperen

doi:10.15376/biores.17.3.4713-4729

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The relative crystallinity of TMWs was slightly increased by increasing the modi cation temperature from 140 to 160°C. This was also consistent with the previous researches (Zheng et al 2016;Durmaz et al 2019), and the reason for the increased relative crystallinity was because of the degradation of hemicellulose and the amorphous cellulose at elevated temperature (Birinci et al 2022;Wang et al 2022). The result showed the water leaching post-treatment only led to negligible decrease in relative crystallinity.…”

Section: Crystalline Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of heating mediums on microstructure and chemical properties of thermally modified Matoa

Caishan,

Chenyang,

xianqing

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Thermal modification (TM) is considered to be the most environmentally friendly and effective industrial method to reduce the hygroscopicity of wood. However, different heating mediums of TM often results in various performance. In this study, the changes of microstructure, crystallization, chemical composition and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of thermally modified wood (TMW) were investigated respectively to explore the effects of heating mediums (saturated steam, superheated steam, air), modification temperature and water leaching post-treatment on TMWs. The results showed the general intensity of TM was in the order of: saturated steam > superheated steam > air. Saturated steam induced severer cell wall destruction than the other two mediums. Although the porosity slightly increased with the increasing TM temperature and leaching treatment, superheated steam and air TM still decreased the porosity compared to that of control, whereas saturated steam TM increased the porosity apparently. Although TM increased both relative crystallinity and crystal size of TMWs. The increasing TM temperature slightly increased the relative crystallinity, but decreased the crystal size. Leaching caused opposite changes in crystal size of TMWs with different heating mediums. The highest crystallinity was observed after saturated steam TM. The increase in relative amount of lignin and cellulose due to the hemicellulose degradation was the main chemical changes of TMWs, further lignin condensation reaction was occurred after saturated steam TM. Although saturated steam TM induced increased porosity, its lowest EMC indicated the decrease of hydroxyl groups was the dominate reason for the decreased hygroscopicity than the changes of microstructure.

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Section: Crystalline Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of heating mediums on microstructure and chemical properties of thermally modified Matoa

Caishan,

Chenyang,

xianqing

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The decrease in hydroxyl groups can also be explained by the increase in CI. The heat treatment reduces the number of hydroxyl groups [ 46 ], leading to an increase in CI [ 47 ] and consequently reducing the hygroscopicity of bamboo strands. As a result, the reduction in hydroxyl groups through heat treatment can account for the stability observed in BOSB panels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Oriented Strand Board Made of Heat-Treated Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer) Strands

Maulana,

Suwanda,

Murda

et al. 2024

Polymers

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This study aimed to analyze the effect of pre-heat treatment on bamboo strand properties and its impact on the properties of the resulting bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB). Giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer) with a density of 0.53 g cm−3 was converted into bamboo strands. These strands were pre-heat-treated at 140 and 160 °C for a duration of 1, 2, and 3 h. Changes in the chemical composition of the strand due to subsequent treatment were assessed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to determine the changes in the chemical composition of bamboo strands. The BOSB panels were produced with a target density of 0.7 g cm−3. The manufacturing of the BOSB was conducted in three layers with a ratio of 25:50:25, bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin. The physical and mechanical properties of the laboratory-fabricated BOSB were tested in compliance with the criteria given in JIS A 5908 standards. Comparisons were made against OSB CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 commercial standard. The pre-heat treatment led to chemical alterations within the material when set at 140 and 160 °C for 1 to 3 hours (h). FTIR spectral analysis demonstrated that longer exposure and higher temperatures resulted in fewer functional groups within the bamboo strands. The increased temperature and duration of pre-heat treatment enhanced the crystallinity index (CI). The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the composites were improved significantly as hemicellulose and extractive content were reduced. This study demonstrated that the pre-heat treatment of bamboo strands at a temperature of 160 °C for a duration of 1 h was an adequate approach for heat modification and fabrication of BOSB panels with acceptable properties according to OSB CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 commercial standard.

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“…The number of nodes in the hidden layer was determined according to the empirical Equation (18). At the same time, the activation functions employed in the BP model must be taken into account, since different activation functions affect the network's learning efficiency and ability, which in turn impacts the demand for the number of neurons and overall network performance.…”

Section: Determine the Neuron Numbers Of The Bp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This largely restricts the scope of applications for heattreated wood, especially in structural applications that demand high strength and stability. Birinci et al [18] discovered that as heat treatment on Scots pine and beech sapwood increases in temperature and time, dimensional stability improves, while MOE changes non-linearly, decreasing most at 210 • C and the least at 180 • C. Kol et al [19] studied the mechanical and physical properties of heat-treated fir and found that anti-swelling efficiency and anti-shrink efficiency increased from 8.1% and 4.1% to 33.1% and 30.7%, indicating improved dimensional stability, while MOR dropped by 2.7% at 170 • C and 15% at 212 • C, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Wood Based on the Improved Beluga Whale Optimisation Back Propagation (IBWO-BP) Neural Network

Wang,

et al. 2024

Forests

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The physical and mechanical properties of heat-treated wood are essential factors in assessing its appropriateness for different applications. While back-propagation (BP) neural networks are widely used for predicting wood properties, their accuracy often falls short of expectations. This paper introduces an improved Beluga Whale Optimisation (IBWO)-BP model as a solution to this challenge. We improved the standard Beluga Whale Optimisation (BWO) algorithm in three ways: (1) use Bernoulli chaos mapping to explore the entire search space during population initialization; (2) incorporate the position update formula of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) to improve the position update strategy and convergence speed; (3) apply the opposition-based learning based on the lens imaging (lensOBL) mechanism to the optimal individual, which prevents the algorithm from getting stuck in local optima during each iteration. Subsequently, we adjusted the weights and thresholds of the BP model, deploying the IBWO approach. Ultimately, we employ the IBWO-BP model to predict the swelling and shrinkage ratio of air-dry volume, as well as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) of heat-treated wood. The benefit of IBWO is demonstrated through comparison with other meta-heuristic algorithms (MHAs). When compared to earlier prediction models, the results revealed that the mean square error (MSE) decreased by 39.7%, the root mean square error (RMSE) by 22.4%, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by 9.8%, the mean absolute error (MAE) by 31.5%, and the standard deviation (STD) by 18.9%. Therefore, this model has excellent generalisation ability and relatively good prediction accuracy.

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Effect of heat treatment parameters on the physical, mechanical, and crystallinity index properties of Scots pine and beech wood

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of heating mediums on microstructure and chemical properties of thermally modified Matoa

Effects of heating mediums on microstructure and chemical properties of thermally modified Matoa

Performance of Oriented Strand Board Made of Heat-Treated Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer) Strands

Prediction of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Wood Based on the Improved Beluga Whale Optimisation Back Propagation (IBWO-BP) Neural Network

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