Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L using arc additive manufacturing

Chen, Xiaohui; Li, Jia; Cheng, Xu; Wang, Huaming; Zheng, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.10.002

Cited by 236 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In additive manufacturing (AM), complex, three-dimensional deposits are manufactured without using moulds, increasing the productivity and manufacturing flexibility compared to traditional manufacturing techniques [1]. Among AM techniques, direct energy deposition (DED) is more advantageous than powder bed fusion (PBF) for manufacturing large parts due to its high deposition rate [1,2]. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), which is a DED method, is a manufacturing process that involves the melting of the supplied wire using an arc as the heat source, and is a droplet-based AM technique with a fast deposition rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMT-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Heat Accumulation on the Multi-Layer Deposits

Lee

2020

Metals

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CMT welding sources are garnering attention as alternative heat sources for wire arc additive manufacturing because of their low-heat input. A comprehensive experimental and numerical study on the multi-layer deposition of STS316L was performed to investigate effect of heat accumulation during the deposition. The numerical model which is appropriate for WAMM was developed considering the characteristics of the CMT heat source for the first time. Using a high-speed camera, the transient behavior of the CMT arc was investigated, and applied to the heat source of the numerical model. The model was then used to analyze 10-layered deposits of STS316L, fabricated using CMT-based WAAM. During deposition, the temperature is measured using a pyrometer to analyze the microstructure, after which the cooling rate of each layer is estimated. The measured and simulated SDAS were compared. Based on the comparison, a guideline for the equation regarding the SDAS size and cooling rate was suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMT-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Heat Accumulation on the Multi-Layer Deposits

Lee

2020

Metals

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“…Further evidence was provided and an investigation was performed to support corrosion rate results that were acquired from the weight loss analysis by plotting Tafel polarisation curve [24,25] from the multichannel potentiostat instrument, as shows in Figure 5 below: Further evidence was provided and an investigation was performed to support corrosion rate results that were acquired from the weight loss analysis by plotting Tafel polarisation curve [24,25] from the multichannel potentiostat instrument, as shows in Figure 5 below: Further evidence was provided and an investigation was performed to support corrosion rate results that were acquired from the weight loss analysis by plotting Tafel polarisation curve [24,25] from the multichannel potentiostat instrument, as shows in Figure 5 below: The extrapolation of Tafel curves presented the combination of cathodic slope (left hand side) and anodic slope (right hand side). The cathodic curves were defined by activation control and performed linearly in correspondence with Tafel plot relationship, while the deviation from anodic curves contributed to the passivation, corrosion, and degradation on anode surface of the sample [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Extrapolated lines from each cathodic and anodic Tafel region were lined up parallel to the best fit of each linear slope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Low-Quantity Cr Addition on the Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel

Handoko

Pahlevani

Sahajwalla

2018

Metals

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Industrial application of high carbon low alloy steel with the dual-phase structure of martensite and austenite has increased drastically in recent years. Due to its excellent compression strength and its high abrasion resistance, this grade of steel has used as a high performance cutting tool and in press machinery applications. By increasing the usage of more corrosive media in industrial practice and increasing the demand for reducing the production cost, it is crucial to understand the effect of the small addition of Cr on the corrosion behaviour of this grade of steel. In this study, this effect was investigated using Secondary Electron Microscopy (SEM) and in-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in the sodium chloride solution. Also, the corrosion rate was measured using the Tafel polarisation curve. It has been found that the small addition of Cr increased the stability of retained austenite, thus improving its corrosion resistance and reducing its corrosion rate. This effect has been acquired through in-situ high resolution topography images in which the samples were submerged in a corrosive solution. It has been demonstrated that the corrosion rate was reduced when the stability of austenite enhanced.

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“…The presence of alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, and Mo impart excellent corrosion resistant properties on duplex steel nevertheless when subject to extreme heat treatment processes, several harmful precipitates such as carbides, nitrides, and intermetallic phases forms, resulting in weak resistance to intergranular crack and pit formation on the steel . Chen et al and Isfahany et al studied the effect of heat treatment processes on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of 316 L and 420 steel. Their report shows the process has significant influence on the corrosion resistance of both steels due to changes in the contents of σ and δ phases, precipitation of M7C3 and secondary hardening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cyclic heat treatment process on the pitting corrosion resistance of EN‐1.4405 martensitic, EN‐1.4404 austenitic, and EN‐1.4539 austenitic stainless steels in chloride‐sulfate solution

Loto

2020

Engineering Reports

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Effect of cyclic heat treatment process on the pittingcorrosion resistance of EN-1.4405 martensitic, EN-1.4404 austenitic, and EN-1.4539 austenitic stainless steels in chloride-sulfate solution Abstract The effect of high temperature variation on the corrosion resistance of EN-1.4405, EN-1.4404, and EN-1.4539 stainless steels in 2 M H 2 SO 4 /3.5% NaCl solution was studied. Untreated EN 1.4405 exhibited the highest corrosion rate at 4.775 mm/year compared to untreated EN 1.4539 with the lowest corrosion rate (1.043 mm/year). Repetitive heat treatment significantly decreased the corrosion rate of the steels by 54.61%, 27.83%, and 50.28% to 2.167, 1.396, and 0.519 mm/year. EN-1.4539 steel exhibited the shortest metastable pitting activity among the untreated steels due to higher resistance to transient pit formation while heat treated EN-1.4404 and EN-1.4539 steels exhibited double metastable pitting activity. Heat treated EN-1.4405 was unable to passivate after anodic polarization signifying weak corrosion resistance. Pitting current of heat-treated steels was generally higher than the untreated counterparts. Heat treatment extended the passivation range value of EN-1.4405 and EN-1.4539 steels compared to those of the untreated steels. The corrosion potential of heat-treated steels significantly shifted to electronegative values. The optical image of untreated and heat treated EN-1.4404 and EN-1.4539 steels were generally similar while the images for EN-1.4405 significantly contrast each other.

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Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L using arc additive manufacturing

Cited by 236 publications

References 29 publications

CMT-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Heat Accumulation on the Multi-Layer Deposits

CMT-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Using 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Heat Accumulation on the Multi-Layer Deposits

The Effect of Low-Quantity Cr Addition on the Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel

Effect of cyclic heat treatment process on the pitting corrosion resistance of EN‐1.4405 martensitic, EN‐1.4404 austenitic, and EN‐1.4539 austenitic stainless steels in chloride‐sulfate solution

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