Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel by selective laser melting

Bai, Yuchao; Wang, Di; Yang, Yongqiang; Wang, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2019.05.115

Cited by 139 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There are also visible melting pools, which show how the molten material has deposited and solidified layer-by-layer. These fine cells were formed thanks to a high cooling rate up to 10 4 -10 6 K/s [14,16] and a difference in temperature gradients during the 3D printing. fine cellular martensite which fully corresponds to the structure of 3D printed materials as has been reported also in [1,4,10,15].…”

Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tensile, fracture, and fatigue crack growth of maraging steel was studied by Suryawanshi et al [4]. Some researchers [7,16] have investigated the effect of different heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties. In all the work mentioned above, the aging treatment significantly improved the properties due to the formation of precipitates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 Maraging Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting from Atomized Powder

et al. 2019

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Maraging steels are generally characterized by excellent mechanical properties, which make them ideal for various industrial applications. The application field can be further extended by using selective laser melting (SLM) for additive manufacturing of shape complicated products. However, the final mechanical properties are strongly related to the microstructure conditions. The present work studies the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed samples prepared from powder of high-strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 maraging steel. It was found that the as-printed material had quite low mechanical properties. After sufficient heat treatment, the hardness of the material increased from 350 to 620 HV0.1 and the tensile yield strength increased from 1000 MPa up to 2000 MPa. In addition, 3% ductility was maintained. This behavior was primarily affected by strong precipitation during processing.

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Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 Maraging Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting from Atomized Powder

et al. 2019

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“…For instance, Takata et al [6] investigated the microstructure of maraging steel produced by SLM and found that the alloy had a martensite phase in the as-built state due to an extremely fast cooling rate of up to 10 6 • C/s. It has been also shown that the maraging steel fabricated by SLM has finer structures compared to those of the conventional manufacturing methods due to a sufficiently fast cooling rate, resulting in higher strength [7]. Another significant difference in microstructures of maraging steels produced by SLM and conventional routes is that nuclei of the precipitates can be easily formed during the SLM process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another significant difference in microstructures of maraging steels produced by SLM and conventional routes is that nuclei of the precipitates can be easily formed during the SLM process. The alloy produced by SLM undergoes reheating repeatedly while neighboring tracks and subsequent layers are deposited [7][8][9]. This repetitive heating can act as an intrinsic heat treatment during the process, which facilitates the nucleation of intermetallic precipitates without post heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

Kim

et al. 2020

Metals

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18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) process has a unique microstructure that is different from that of the same alloy processed by conventional methods. In this paper, maraging steels were fabricated by the selective laser melting process and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated in terms of post heat treatment conditions. Moreover, the effect of different heat treatments on the mechanical anisotropy was studied in detail. The micro Vickers hardness in the as-built state was around 340 Hv and could be increased to approximately 600 Hv by aging heat treatments. It was found that the solution heat treatment was not necessary to obtain a fully hardened state. From tensile tests of the maraging steels heat treated with different conditions, it was found that the highest strength was achieved by aging and solution treatment (ST) temperatures lower than the commonly used temperatures. In the direction parallel to the laser scanning, the highest ultimate tensile strength was obtained when 450 °C aging was done without solution heat treatment. In the other two directions tested, i.e., directions normal to the building and 45 degrees to the laser scanning direction, the highest tensile strength was obtained when aging was done at 450 °C after 750 °C solution treatment.

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“…[ 8 ] DMLS has a unique ultrafine and metastable microstructure, thanks to its fast solidification rate (10 3 –10 8 K s −1 ). [ 9 ] This rapid solidification results in high thermal gradients and short interaction time. Thus, the microstructures of DMLS‐produced materials are different than those produced by conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Effects of Different Heat‐Treatment Parameters on Microstructure–Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Maraging Steel Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Özer

Karaaslan

2020

steel research int.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is the most remarkable manufacturing technology developed in recent years. With this technology, it can produce products directly from a computeraided design model. In this respect, AM technologies can provide parts in less time compared with traditional production methods by producing less waste with a shorter processing step and will be very important for future industry applications because of these features. [1-5] Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a process of bonding (sintering) powder particles to each other by exceeding the melting temperature utilizing a laser beam. SLS machines can be given different names. EOS GmbH (Germany) has described this process as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). [6,7] DMLS is an advanced technology that enables the rapid production of complex-shaped 3D parts using metal powders. [8] DMLS has a unique ultrafine and metastable microstructure, thanks to its fast solidification rate (10 3-10 8 K s À1). [9] This rapid solidification results in high thermal gradients and short interaction time. Thus, the microstructures of DMLS-produced materials are different than those produced by conventional methods. Tool steels produced by AM methods also have microstructures that are quite different from traditional cast-tool steels. Due to the advantages of the SLS method, it is widely used in aerospace, medical, defense, and automotive industries. AlSi10Mg, titanium, stainless steels, composites, tool steels, and Ni-based alloys can be produced by the DMLS method. [10-15] The name "Maraging" comes from the combination of martensite and aging. [16] Maraging steels (MS1) are valuable materials due to their excellent formability, weldability, toughness, and high strength. Therefore, it is preferred in critical applications such as submarine bodies, gears, rocket engine cases, aircraft components, pressure vessels. [17-22] 18Ni-300 MS1 is used in the AM processes. MS1 is a steel that can be aged, and forms precipitates such as Ni 3 Mo, Ni 3 Al, Ni 3 Ti, Fe 2 Mo, etc. [23-30]. MS1 is a fascinating steel for engineering applications because of its good weldability, machinability, and surface treatment. MS1 produced with DMLS show low strength in as-built condition. Various heat treatments are applied to this material to increase strength. These heat treatments are directly aged from the as-built state (aged) and solution and after aging (SHT) heat treatments. [31,32] In the literature, MS1 studies that were produced by the SLM method have been done before, but these are limited. Also, no research has been done about MS1 produced by the DMLS

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel by selective laser melting

Cited by 139 publications

References 39 publications

High Strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 Maraging Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting from Atomized Powder

High Strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 Maraging Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting from Atomized Powder

Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

A Study on the Effects of Different Heat‐Treatment Parameters on Microstructure–Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Maraging Steel Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

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