Effect of Heat Treating Temperature on Chemical and Physical Properties of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced From Bovine Bone

Abstract

This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3.

Evaluation of Bone Regeneration Potential of Long-Term Soaked Natural Hydroxyapatite

“…Recently, sintering of animal bone at high temperatures has been suggested for the fabrication of protein-free natural bioceramics . Biological materials, such as corals, eggshells, cuttlefish bones, and bovine bones, − etc., are also employed for the preparation of HA as bone substitutes for tissue engineering. − Sintering of animal bone at higher temperatures facilitates the removal of all organic materials and forestalls the possibility of transmitting disease. Regarding the usage of PB, Haberko et al reported the natural behavior of HA during heat treatment by examining how the material reacts at high temperatures (<1000 °C) .…”

Development and Evaluation of Natural Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Produced by the Heat Treatment of Pig Bones

“…Some researchers have attempted to synthesize HA from biological materials, including corals (Manjubala et al, 2000), eggshells (Rivera et al, 1999), cuttlefish bone (Venkatesan and Kim 2010;Kim et al, 2013), and bovine bones Ooi et al, 2007;Younesi et al, 2009;Hua et al, 2006). The sintered biological apatites have an interconnected porous structure, and therefore allow for faster bone ingrowth.…”