Effect of heat stress on common bean under natural growing conditions in three locations in different climate zones in the state of So Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in medium to high altitude regions and is sensitive to high temperatures. Climate changes from an increase in global temperatures are foreseen, and therefore better understanding of the mechanisms of heat tolerance is necessary. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on twelve common bean genotypes under natural growing conditions in three locations (Campinas, Votuporanga, and Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil) and in two growing seasons (fall-winter 2016 and summer 2016/2017). Data were analyzed by combined analysis of variance in a 2 × 3 × 12 factorial arrangement, considering two crop seasons, three locations, and twelve genotypes as factors. This was followed by the Scott-Knott mean comparison test (P<0.05), genetics, genetics×environment (GGE)-biplot analysis for grain yield and Pearson correlation for the summer season. Significant differences were found for the crop season, location, and genotype for most of the traits evaluated. It was found that the high temperatures, reached in summer, negatively affected the performance of cultivars, resulting in a reduction of 40% in grain yield. Votuporanga, which reached the highest temperatures during the summer, was considered as the most unfavorable environment. The genotypes that proved to be more productive in the summer for the locations of Campinas were BRS Agreste and FT Nobre; for Votuporanga, the genotypes Pérola and IPR Tangará; and for Ribeirão Preto, the genotypes SEA 5 and BRS Estilo. The highlighted correlations observed by the Pearson test were the highest leaf temperature reducing grain yield and, the highest relative index of chlorophyll contributed to higher productivity.

Traits Related to Heat Stress in Phaseolus Species

“…Due to more heat stress pressure in the greenhouse when compared to the rainfed field, yield was zero for almost all genotypes, except for genotypes G191, G183, G123, G13, G50, G59, G192, G96, and G181 with scores between 1.0 and 3.0. These results are in agreement with those of da Silva, dos Reis [66]. P. acutifolius was more resistant to heat stress among bean genotypes despite late flowering.…”

“…This is easy to understand because, due to heat stress in the greenhouse, yields were zero for almost all genotypes. These results are in agreement with those of Porch [21], da Silva, dos Reis [66] which showed that the 100-seed weight, the number of pods per plant, and the harvest index were agronomic factors that could better influence the yield when the plant is subjected to heat stress. P. coccineus species with intermediate genotypes performed better in the field.…”

“…The south part of Anatolia is predicted to be one of the most heat-affected regions by climate change. Yield reduction due to the heat stress effects was also similar to that which was explained by Nemeskéri, Remenyik [64], who showed that a decrease in yield is the result of the alteration of the reproductive organs, which are particularly affected by heat stress [20,26,[65][66][67]. The role of genes in the tolerance of bean species to heat stress is complex and can vary depending on the specific species and trait being examined.…”

Echoes of a Stressful Past: Abiotic Stress Memory in Crop Plants towards Enhanced Adaptation

“…In another important horticultural crop, the heat-sensitive common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), genome-environment associations revealed 22 genes related to biological processes involved in the heat stress response, such as the activation of HSPs, abiotic stress signalling, germination and seedling development, flowering time, protein thermo-stability, molecular chaperones, and cell-wall integrity [129]. Nevertheless, to date, stress priming studies in the common bean have mainly focused on the morphophysiological effects of heat stress [177] and the development of preliminary epigenomic maps linked to important agronomic traits [178,179]; hence, to what extent such epigenetic changes are inter-/or transgenerationally inherited in the common bean is still a largely unexplored field.…”