Effect of heat on the percutaneous absorption and skin retention of three model penetrants

Akomeah, Franklin K.; Nazir, Tahir; Martin, Gary P.; Brown, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2003.10.025

Cited by 119 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As expected, an increase in the ester chain length of parabens decreased the permeation flux but increased permeability coefficient. The results were similar to those conducted by using whole shed skin of Elaphe obsoleta [3,18] and comparable to the results obtained by using the human skin [19,20] . Comparison of permeation profiles of methyl salicylate, salicylic acid and sodium salicylate through SSS and HE, were shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparative Permeation Studies between Scale Region of Shed Snake Skin and Human Skin In vitro

Priprem¹,

Khamlert²,

Radapong³

et al. 2008

American J. of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Scales of shed king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) skin from the dorsal portions, (SSS) and human breast epidermis (HE) were used as barrier membranes for comparison in an in vitro drug permeation study of nine active compounds (MW range 150-300 g mol -1 , pK a 3-10). Each compound, saturated in a donor solution at pH 4.0 or 5.6, permeated through the barrier membrane, fully hydrated. A receptor solution at pH 7.4 was sampled for quantification at its λ max by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and/or HPLC. The permeability coefficients of nine compounds were correlated to the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of these compounds. The permeability coefficient of these compounds using HE and SSS was correlated. Scales of shed skin from the dorsal portions of king cobras were shown to be well correlated to the human breast epidermis in this in vitro aqueous permeation study of these compounds.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparative Permeation Studies between Scale Region of Shed Snake Skin and Human Skin In vitro

Priprem¹,

Khamlert²,

Radapong³

et al. 2008

American J. of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…Previous in vitro studies (Clarys et al 1998;Akomeah et al 2004) have demonstrated a 2-3-fold increase in flux for every 7-8…”

Section: Temperature ("Thermophoresis")mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Current and Future Prospects

et al. 2006

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“…Parabens can be absorbed via skin and via the gastrointestinal tract (Akomeah et al, 2004;Janjua et al, 2007;Lobemeier et al, 1996) and are excreted in urine (Andersen, 2008;Soni et al, 2005). A few biomonitoring studies have reported the occurrence of parabens in human urine, plasma, serum, and milk (Calafat et al, 2010;Casas et al, 2011;Darbre and Harvey, 2008;Frederiksen et al, 2011;Janjua et al, 2007;Schlumpf et al, 2010;Ye et al, 2006aYe et al, , 2006bYe et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs from China and its implications for human dietary exposure

Liao

Chen

Kannan

2013

Environment International

159

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Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used as antimicrobial preservatives in a range of consumer products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs. Despite their widespread use, prior to this study, paraben concentrations in foodstuffs from China and human dietary exposure to these chemicals have been unknown. In this study, concentrations of six parabens were determined in 13 categories of food samples (n = 282), including cereals and cereal products, meat, fish and seafood, eggs, dairy products, bean products, fruits, vegetables, cookies, beverages, cooking oils, condiments, and others, collected from nine cities in China. Almost all (detection rate: 99%) food samples contained at least one of the parabens analyzed, and the total concentrations (ΣParabens; sum of six parabens) ranged from below limit of quantification (LOQ) to 2530 ng/g fresh weight, with an overall mean value of 39.3 ng/g. Methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), and propyl paraben (PrP) were the major paraben analogs found in foodstuffs, and these compounds accounted for 59%, 24%, and 10%, respectively, of ΣParaben concentrations. Although the mean concentrations of ΣParabens varied among different categories of food items (from 0.839 ng/g in beverages to 100 ng/g in vegetables), the concentrations were not statistically significant among the 13 food categories, including canned foodstuffs. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of parabens was based on the measured concentrations in foods and the corresponding daily food ingestion rates. The mean and 95th percentile values for EDI were 1010 and 3040 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for adult men and 1060 and 3170 ng/kg bw/day for adult women, respectively.

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Effect of heat on the percutaneous absorption and skin retention of three model penetrants

Cited by 119 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative Permeation Studies between Scale Region of Shed Snake Skin and Human Skin In vitro

Comparative Permeation Studies between Scale Region of Shed Snake Skin and Human Skin In vitro

Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Current and Future Prospects

Occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs from China and its implications for human dietary exposure

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