Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM

Su, Chuanchu; Chen, Xizhang; Gao, Chuang; Wang, Yangfan

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.255

Cited by 170 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This may be attributed to the large heat input of the top layer in the joint with Al-Cu filler wire and the large heat input of the bottom layer in the joint with Al-Si-Cu filler wire. The larger the heat input, the less numerous the strengthening phases at the joint [24], which results in a decrease of the strength of the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Filler Wires on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Spray Formed by TIG Welding

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2019

Materials

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The main purpose of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 2195-T6 Al-Li alloy welding joints produced by tungsten inert gas (TIG) with Al-Cu and Al-Si-Cu filler wires, so that they can be better used in space vehicle tanks. The porosity analysis indicates that the porosity area of the weld seam with the Al-Si-Cu filler wire is approximately 7.989 times larger than that of the Al-Cu filler wire. Furthermore, the microstructure and microhardness results indicate that the Al/Cu eutectic near the fusion line distributes more at the grain boundaries, while more dispersed Al2Cu phase is found inside the grain, which improves the strength of the joint when using Al-Cu filler wire. However, when using the Al-Si-Cu filler wire, more Si, Cu, and Ti elements are segregated at the grain boundaries, forming a brittle-hard network Al/Cu/Ti eutectic, which reduces the performance of the joint. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation of the weld joint are about 68.6% and 89.9% of the base metal (BM) when using the Al-Cu filler wire, and can approach the level of friction stir welding (FSW). However, the tensile strength and elongation are only about 56.8% and 39.9%, respectively, of the BM in the weld joint when using the Al-Si-Cu filler wire. Lastly, the fractures both occur on the fusion line and the fracture morphology of the weld joint shows that it is a mixed fracture mode dominated by plastic fracture when using Al-Cu filler wire, while it is mainly a quasi-cleavage fracture mode when using Al-Si-Cu filler wire. Therefore, the joint strength when using Al-Si-Cu filler wire with high strength matching is not as good as that of Al-Cu filler wire with low strength matching.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Filler Wires on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Spray Formed by TIG Welding

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…The microstructure on the two different directional planes (XZ and YZ) of grain configuration revealed microscopic pores of dimensions <100 lm. This pore formation when manufacturing aluminum parts using arc-welding technologies was addressed by Horgar et al, 26 Cong et al, 27 and Su et al 28 Further, six samples were extracted from the additive manufactured test wall in the vertical direction and another six in the horizontal direction, as can be seen in Figure 5. These samples were tensile tested, to characterize the material produced by GMAW.…”

Section: Topological Optimization Of the Fixing Turretmentioning

confidence: 95%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process for Topologically Optimized Aeronautical Fixtures

Veiga

Suárez

Aldalur

et al. 2023

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in metallic materials have experienced significant growth over recent decades. Concepts such as design for additive manufacturing have gained great relevance, due to their flexibility and capacity to generate complex geometries with AM technologies. These new design paradigms make it possible to save on material costs oriented toward more sustainable and green manufacturing. On the one hand, the high deposition rates of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) stand out among the AM technologies, but on the other hand, WAAM is not as flexible when it comes to generating complex geometries. A methodology is presented in this study for the topological optimization of an aeronautical part and its adaptation, by means of computer aided manufacturing, for WAAM manufacturing of aeronautical tooling with the objective of producing a lighter part in a more sustainable manner.

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“…By short-circuiting the arc through dipping the filler wire into the melt pool, weld spatter was almost eliminated. Successful CMT of a range of aluminum alloys was demonstrated in recent years [ 25 , 36 , 89 ].…”

Section: Strategies To Mitigate Defects In Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2021

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Processing of aluminum alloys by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) gained significant attention from industry and academia in the last decade. With the possibility to create large and relatively complex parts at low investment and operational expenses, WAAM is well-suited for implementation in a range of industries. The process nature involves fusion melting of a feedstock wire by an electric arc where metal droplets are strategically deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to create the final shape. The inherent fusion and solidification characteristics in WAAM are governing several aspects of the final material, herein process-related defects such as porosity and cracking, microstructure, properties, and performance. Coupled to all mentioned aspects is the alloy composition, which at present is highly restricted for WAAM of aluminum but received considerable attention in later years. This review article describes common quality issues related to WAAM of aluminum, i.e., porosity, residual stresses, and cracking. Measures to combat these challenges are further outlined, with special attention to the alloy composition. The state-of-the-art of aluminum alloy selection and measures to further enhance the performance of aluminum WAAM materials are presented. Strategies for further development of new alloys are discussed, with attention on the importance of reducing crack susceptibility and grain refinement.

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Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM

Cited by 170 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Filler Wires on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Spray Formed by TIG Welding

Effects of Filler Wires on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Spray Formed by TIG Welding

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process for Topologically Optimized Aeronautical Fixtures

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

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