Effect of heat and precipitation on pea yield and reproductive performance in the field

Abstract

. 2015. Effect of heat and precipitation on pea yield and reproductive performance in the field. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 629Á639. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is important globally as a cool season crop. Pea cultivars are heat-sensitive so our goal was to investigate how weather impacted growth and yield in recent cultivars in the Co-operative pea yield trials (2000 to 2009) for a dryland (Saskatoon) and an irrigated (Outlook) location. We explored relationships between days to maturity, days spent in reproductive growth (flowering to maturity), yield and various weather factors. Yield and the length of reproductive growth increased with seasonal precipitation. Pea was sensitive to heat but heat units did not satisfactorily describe growth and yield in all environments. Strong relationships were observed between crop growth and mean maximum daily temperature experienced during reproductive growth, and between crop growth and mean minimum temperature. The greater the mean maximum temperature (25.58C), the fewer the number of days (B35) spent in reproductive growth at the dryland location. At Outlook, 35 to 40 d in reproductive growth occurred in a much wider temperature range from 24.5 to 278C, and irrigation mitigated some reduction in yield. For dryland pea, more than 20 d in the season above 288C were associated with less time in reproductive growth and less yield. The threshold maximum temperature for yield reduction in the field was closer to 288C than 328C from published studies, and above 17.58C mean seasonal daily temperature. Western Canadian cultivars currently have short lifecycles, which make them heat sensitive. Heat tolerance could be improved by earlier flowering and a longer duration of flowering via an indeterminate habit. Future research will investigate pea nodal development, flowering and abortion patterns in a range of pea cultivars in field conditions. Key words: Pea, heat, temperature, precipitation, yield, stress Bueckert, R. A., Wagenhoffer, S., Hnatowich, G. et Warkentin, T. D. 2015. Effets de la chaleur et des pre´cipitations sur le rendement du pois et sa performance a`la reproduction au champ. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 629Á639. Le pois (Pisum sativum L.) est une importante culture de saison froide dans le monde. Les varie´te´s de cette espe`ce e´tant sensibles a`la chaleur, les auteurs voulaient de´terminer l'impact des conditions me´te´orologiques sur la croissance et le rendement des plus re´cents cultivars pre´sente´s lors des essais coope´ratifs de 2000 a`2009 en milieu aride (Saskatoon) et sous irrigation (Outlook). À cette fin, ils ont examine´les liens entre le nombre de jours avant maturite´, la dure´e en jours de la croissance reproductive (de la floraison a`la maturite´), le rendement et plusieurs parame`tres climatiques. Le rendement et la dure´e de la croissance reproductive augmentent avec les pre´cipitations saisonnie`res. Bien que le pois soit sensible a`la chaleur, le nombre de degre´s-jours ne de´crit pas de manie`re satisfaisante sa croissance et son rendement dans tous les en...

High Temperature Effects on in vitro Pollen Germination and Seed Set in Field Pea

“…For example, temperatures over 25°C caused seed yield loss in field-grown peas in Australia (Sadras et al, 2012). Moreover, temperatures exceeding 28°C for 20 days reduced seed yield as well as the period from flowering to maturity in field pea under dryland conditions in western Canada (Bueckert et al, 2015). In contrast, using controlled growth conditions, severe heat stress (33/30°C day/night for 2 days) caused rapid abortion and abscission of reproductive organs in pea (Guilioni et al, 1997).…”

“…Elevated temperature reduces seed yield in field pea (Lambert and Linck, 1958;Karr et al, 1959;Guilioni et al, 1997;Sadras et al, 2012;Bueckert et al, 2015) in two ways, by causing abortion of flowers and young pods, and by accelerating the crop lifecycle. Interestingly, the maximum temperature threshold affecting pea growth performance and yield formation under environmentally controlled conditions is higher than that threshold in the field.…”

Integrated “omics” approaches to sustain global productivity of major grain legumes under heat stress

“…Researchers have found considerable production loss in pea at temperature 30°C and beyond (Pate, ; Stanfield, Ormrod, & Fletcher, ). Considering impact of HS on crop produce, losses were registered beyond 28°C (Bueckert, Wagenhoffer, Hnatowich, & Warkentin, ) and 25°C (Sadras, Lake, Chenu, McMurray, & Leonforte, ) in field conditions. Precisely, a 1°C increase in mean temperature during flowering stage could reduce yield to the tune of 0.6 ton/ha (Ridge & Pye, ).…”

“…Early maturity could serve as an important trait to facilitate selection of the genotypes having ability to escape HS, such as the genotypes ICCV 92944 (Gaur et al., ) and ICC 14346 (Upadhyaya et al., ) in chickpea. In pea, HS loss can be mitigated by “earlier flowering” trait in association with “longer flowering” duration (Bueckert et al., ). Selection of plants with profuse flowering and high pod setting under high night temperature and long day under field condition could be a viable option for designing HS tolerance in cowpea (Hall, , 1993a,b, ).…”

Reproductive development response to high daytime temperature in field pea

“…High temperature during reproduction reduces pollination and causes abscission of floral buds, flowers and pods, all of which result in substantial yield loss (Devasirvatham et al, 2012;Guilioni, Wéry, & Tardieu, 1997). The phenomenon of the reduction in seed number, reproductive nodes and seed yield due to heat stress in field pea has been reported by different research groups (Bueckert, Wagenhoffer, Hnatowich, & Warkentin, 2015;Guilioni et al, 2003;Jeuffroy, Duthion, Meynard, & Pigeaire, 1990;Sadras, Lake, Chenu, McMurray, & Leonforte, 2012). Seed development in pea was also sensitive to elevated temperatures approximately 6-12 days after anthesis, and heat stress decreased the number of seeds per pod, leading to seed yield loss (Jeuffroy et al, 1990).…”