Effect of H₂ Annealing on a Pt/PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃ Interface Studied by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Abstract

In the first part of this article, we find fractional D3-branes supergravity solutions on orientifolded C 2 /Z 2 orbifolds of type-IIB string theory. The one-loop corrected gauge couplings for the symplectic or orthogonal groups living on the D-branes are reproduced on the world-volume of probes. In the second part of the paper, we construct a D3-brane solution on the two-centers Taub-NUT manifold which interpolates between fractional D3-branes in the ALE space limit and a T-dual smeared type-IIA configuration. Then, we lift this configuration to M-theory and comment on the connections with wrapped M5-branes solutions.

Reduction-induced Fermi level pinning at the interfaces between Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and Pt, Cu and Ag metal electrodes

“…It has particularly been observed that the changes may already occur at room temperature. The strong dependence of the barrier height on the chemical state of the interface has also been reported by other groups [22,23]. The effect is not restricted to PZT/Pt but also observed at other oxide/metal interfaces [24,25].…”

“…While Pb can dissolve in Pt and therefore remain close to the interface, it is not dissolved in Cu and Ag and hence segregates to the surfaces of these films. The variation of barrier height observed with Pt contacts is accompanied by an increase/decrease of the metallic Pb species [16,22,23]. This suggests that the insensitivity of the barrier height on the metal work function is related [14], respectively, into account, the dipole potential δ can be derived form the discontinuity of the vacuum level E VAC at the interfaces.…”

“…The Schottky barrier heights may be modified by post-deposition treatments, as previously demonstrated for the PZT/Pt interface [16,22,23]. It is currently not clear if such modification is also possible for Cu and Ag contact materials, as these exhibit a different chemical structure of the interface.…”

Degradation of ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 under reducing conditions

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In our previous letter, we first revealed SBT degradation under reducing conditions by using bulk ceramic samples. 6 SBT decomposes into Bi metal and Sr-Ta-oxide phase͑s͒ through oxygen dissociation.…”

“…Pb and/or oxygen defects in PZT were possibly introduced under the reducing conditions. 4,5 Since the reduced black sample almost recovered its whiteness through the subsequent annealing in oxygen, the oxygen defects are the main mechanism that best explains the change in the sample appearance after the annealing in H 2 and O 2 atmospheres.…”