Effect of gum Arabic on oxidative stress and inflammation in adenine–induced chronic renal failure in rats

Abstract

Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in humans, and in chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats. The aim of this work was to study the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in adenineinduced CRF and the effect thereon of the purported nephroprotective agent gum arabic (GA). Rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks as follows: control, adenine in feed (0.75%, w/w), GA in drinking water (15%, w/v) and adenine+GA, as before. Urine, blood and kidneys were collected from the rats at the end of the treatment for analysis of conventional renal function tests (plasma creatinine and urea concentration). In addition, the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a and the oxidative stress markers glutathione and superoxide dismutase, renal apoptosis, superoxide formation and DNA double strand break frequency, detected by immunohistochemistry for c-H2AX, were measured. Adenine significantly increased the concentrations of urea and creatinine in plasma, significantly decreased the creatinine clearance and induced significant increases in the concentration of the measured inflammatory mediators. Further, it caused oxidative stress and DNA damage. Treatment with GA significantly ameliorated these actions. The mechanism of the reported salutary effect of GA in adenine-induced CRF is associated with mitigation of the adenineinduced inflammation and generation of free radicals.

Impact of Gum acacia on oxidative stress and apoptosis in Adenine-induced CKD animal model

“…The findings of the present study demonstrated that Gum acacia treatment improved the measured kidney function parameters, according to biochemical findings and hematological results. This is comparable to the previously described finding lung [6] [16] . It is widely known that oxidative stress results from an imbalance between increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation a subsequent decrease in the body's natural antioxidant defence mechanisms causes oxidative stress [17].…”

“…The measured data demonstrated that adenine administration dramatically increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, followed by a considerable drop in antioxidant enzymes. In previous experiments, research team found that lipid peroxidation levels rose in the kidney [19] , lung [6] and cecum [16]. Homogenates of mice treated with adenine, followed by a decline in the antioxidant enzymes.…”

“…For four weeks, Adenine, Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 0.75 % w/w in feed was added to the second group's powdered diet. Adenine was given for 4 weeks before Gum acacia to third group (treatment group) and Gum acacia was given to rats in the drinking water at doses of 15% w/v for four weeks (6). Rats were individually placed in metabolic cages following the duration of the treatment; urine was collected after 24 hours.…”

“…For instance, in adenine-induced CKD, GA has shown favorable benefits on physiological, biochemical, and behavioral impacts [5]. In rats with CRF brought on by adenine, GA therapy has been demonstrated to alleviate several biochemical, physiological, and behavioral consequences and to modify immunity in mice [6]. In the current work, using several parameters, including TGFß, Bax, BCl-2, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species, we investigate the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic markers to study the protective effect of GA on adenine-induced CKD.…”

The effect of combining basil seeds and gum Arabic on the healing process of experimental acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

“…demonstrated that gum arabic has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in chronic renal failure. 63 It is also shown that gum arabic modifies anti-inflammatory cytokine in mice fed with high fat diet induced obesity. 64 Another research reported that gum arabic reduces inflammation, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of mice with chronic kidney disease.…”