Effect of growth temperature on the fatty acid composition of a blue-green alga

Holton, Raymond W.; Blecker, Harry H.; Onore, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82934-9

Cited by 118 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The specific growth rates (log 10 units/day) were 0.08 and 0.20 for cells grown at 20 and 55 C, respectively. Apparently, specific growth rates do not affect fatty acid compositions in other microorganisms (5,10,13), and specific growth rates might not be an important factor in influencing the lipid composition of this alga. While cells grown at 55 C had a linear growth curve, those cultured at 20 C showed a discontinuous curve (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Of the environmental factors, temperature is an important parameter determining the lethal ranges of survival. Since temperature affects all biological reactions, the over-all effect of temperature is rather complex; therefore, this investigation is limited to a narrower set of biological reactions: lipid metabolism.It has been well documented that an increase in temperature causes a corresponding decrease in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (3,6, 8,10,13). Farkas and Herodek (6) …”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been well documented that an increase in temperature causes a corresponding decrease in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (3,6,8,10,13). Farkas and Herodek (6) (20).…”

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Effect of Growth Temperature on the Lipid Composition of Cyanidium caldarium

Kleinschmidt

McMahon

1970

Plant Physiol.

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Cyanidium caldarium is a thermophilic eucaryote which can grow at temperatures below 20 C and has been reported growing at temperatures up to 56 C (5). This acid-tolerant and heattolerant unicellular alga is a regular member of the microflora found in acidic hot springs throughout the world (2,4). Electron microscopic investigations show a highly differentiated cell containing: a thick cell wall, plasmalemma, ground matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuoles (14). Cell division occurs by formation of four daughter cells within the mother cell wall, and after rupturing the four daughter cells are released. These morphological characteristics make it quite suitable for studying the effect of temperature on lipid composition and its possible role in the molecular mechanism of thermophily.In order to develop and function properly, organisms must be capable of adjusting to their environment. Of the environmental factors, temperature is an important parameter determining the lethal ranges of survival. Since temperature affects all biological reactions, the over-all effect of temperature is rather complex; therefore, this investigation is limited to a narrower set of biological reactions: lipid metabolism.It has been well documented that an increase in temperature causes a corresponding decrease in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (3,6, 8,10,13). Farkas and Herodek (6)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Effect of Growth Temperature on the Lipid Composition of Cyanidium caldarium

Kleinschmidt

McMahon

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…However, the percentage of unsaturated acids and degree of unsaturation are lower than is common in higher plants (17). This is probably a consequence of the relatively high temperature at which the Cyanidiwn was grown, for the ratio of saturated to unsaturated acids has been shown to increase in other algae at higher temperatures (11). Cyanidium contains in phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine a very small amount of an acid with the retention time close to trans-3-hexadecenoic acid.…”

Section: Materlils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Composition of Cyanidium

Allen

Good²,

Holton³

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The major lipids in Cyanidium caldarium Geitler are inonogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, plant sulfolipid, lecithin, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Fatty acid composition varies appreciably among the lipids, but the major ones are palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and moderate amounts of stearic acid. Trace amounts of other acids in the C14 to C20 range were also present. Moderate amounts of linolenic acid were found in two strains, but not in a third. The proportion of saturated acid is relatively high in all lipids ranging from about a third in monogalactosyl diglyceride to three-fourths in sulfolipid. This may be a result of the high growth temperature. Lipases forming lysosulfolipid, and lysophosphatidyl glycerol are active in ruptured cells; galactolipid is degraded with loss of both acyl residues. Thus the lipid and fatty acid composition of Cyanidium more closely resembles that of green algae than that of the blue-green algae, although there are differences of possible phylogenetic interest.Cyanidiwn caldarium is a monotypic genus with several characteristics of a blue-green alga but others typical of the higher algae. Its various attributes and peculiarities have recently been reviewed (14) and can be briefly summarized as follows: cytologically, it possesses mitochondria, a single chloroplast, and a nucleus with enclosing membrane in which chromosomes have not been visualized; biochemically, it contains chlorophyll a as its sole chlorophyll and contains C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, 3-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin although it lacks the myxoxanthophyll found in many blue-green algae. Its aldolase resembles that of Chlorella (18). This mosaic of characteristics defies a convenient classification of Cyanidium into the blue-green, red, green, or cryptophycean groups of algae, into each of which it has at one time been placed. Physiologically, it is most interesting in that it is both acidophilic and thermophilic with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 60 C (6) and at acidities of pH 2.0 (10).Knowledge of the lipid and fatty acid composition of green plants, and particularly microorganisms, has been of considerable use in considering the phylogeny and interrelationships in these organisms. Thus, while a-linolenic acid is found in all photosynthetic higher algae and green plants, it is by no means present in all blue-green algae and is absent completely from photosynthetic bacteria (12). While the only lipid common to the photosynthetic bacteria is phosphatidyl glycerol, algae and green plants all contain monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, and sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride (plant sulfolipid) as well. The bluegreen algae do not contain phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) which is characteristic of higher algae. The object of these experiments was to ascertain the lipid and fatty acid composition of Cyanidium with hope that these data might enable us to understand better its relationshlp to other algae....

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“…The hlue green alga, An0cvstis nidulans, ha(l no a-linolenate (less than 1 % of polyuinlatturate(d acids), whereas its photosynthetic activity is verv high (14). Several species of diatoms (15), 16) red algae (12,17), an(d chrvsomonads (12) (19,34), and another portion was hydrogenated using palladium chloride as the catalyst (25 1).…”

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