Effect of growth hormone therapy and puberty on bone and body composition in children with idiopathic short stature and growth hormone deficiency

Högler, Wolfgang; Briody, Julie; Moore, Bin; Lu, P W; Cowell, Christopher T.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.06.012

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Physiologically, growth hormone is believed to increase osteoclastic differentiation and activity, osteoblastic activity as well as to increase endochondral bone formation (16). In line with this, earlier studies as well as our present study suggests a positive role of rhGH on bone mass (22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of one-year growth hormone therapy on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in Indian children with growth hormone deficiency

et al. 2013

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Growth hormone (GH) deficiency in children manifests as short stature but is also associated with metabolic disturbances. Paucity of GH is also likely to be associated with increased intima media thickness. Data on body composition (BC) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) from developing countries are very scarce. Therefore, objectives of present study were to assess effect of 1 year of rhGH therapy on (i) BC and lipid profile (LP) in a cohort of Indian GHD children and (ii) effect on atherosclerotic markers - cIMT in subsample. Anthropometry, BC [% body fat (BF), % lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral content (BMC)] (DXA) and LP were measured in 49 pre-pubertal GHD-children (9.3 ± 3.1 years) at baseline and after 1 year of rhGH therapy. On subset of 20 children, cIMT of right common carotid artery was also measured. Baseline BC parameters were compared with age-gender matched healthy controls (n = 49). At baseline % BF was 23 ± 9 %, LBM was 9 ± 3 kg and BMC was 0.306 ± 0.15 kg in GHD- children; BF was comparable, while lean and bone were less than controls (p < 0.05). Post therapy, significant reduction in fat (15%), and cIMT (7%) and increase in LBM and BMC by 40% and 44%, respectively (p < 0.05) was seen. Our cohort of untreated GHD children had abnormal BC and cIMT as compared to controls. rhGH therapy for 1 year had beneficial effect on BC and cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of one-year growth hormone therapy on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in Indian children with growth hormone deficiency

et al. 2013

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“…Our findings further corroborate other reports which showed that muscle is a major target of GH action during early childhood, not only in children with GHD [17,18,19], but also in those who are victims of burns [20] or who have other paediatric disorders such as renal disease [21], idiopathic short stature [19], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [22] or Prader-Willi syndrome [23]. We conclude that, in view of the complex life-long and potentially life-threatening metabolic effects of impaired GH secretion in adulthood, it is particularly important to monitor muscle development and the associated metabolic effects in children with GHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment on Forearm Muscle in GH-Deficient Children: Evidence Based on Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements

Schweizer¹,

Martin²,

Trebar³

et al. 2006

Horm Res Paediatr

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Conventional analyses of growth hormone (GH) treatment in children focus mainly on height development. We aimed to investigate the complex effects of GH on three components of the body, namely, muscle, fat and bone, by means of peripheral quantitative computed tomography. This method, in which a component of the body is taken to represent the whole, is non-invasive and suitable for children. Our study group comprised 74 pre-pubertal children with GH deficiency (mean age, 7.2 years; height standard deviation score [SDS], –2.9) who received recombinant human GH treatment (30 µg/kg/day [0.03 mg/kg/day]) for 12 months (55 of the children received treatment for up to 24 months). Within 2 years, mean height SDS increased from –2.9 to –1.5, muscle surface area SDS rose from –2.4 to 1.0, while fat surface area SDS decreased from 0.1 to –1.0. Grip strength SDS increased from –1.0 to –0.3, whereas the ratio of strength to muscle area did not change. We thus observed that changes in body compartments (including bone) occur during GH treatment; we also found evidence showing a specific pattern of dynamics over time. In view of the limited literature available on muscle development during GH therapy in children, we explore the potential role and significance of these response variables in the assessment of GH therapy.

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“…Patients with GH deficiency exhibit abnormal body composition with low muscle mass and increased fat mass. With GH administration, body composition normalizes [9]. Protein catabolism, a common side effect in patients receiving GCs, may also be attenuated by GH administration, which has been shown to decrease amino acid catabolism and stimulate protein synthesis in both healthy volunteers and chronically ill patients [10,11].…”

Section: Effects Of Growth Hormone Treatment On Body Composition In Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Bone and Body Composition

Bechtold¹,

Pozza²,

Schwarz³

et al. 2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Inflammation and glucocorticoid therapy are major factors influencing growth and bone maturation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). In addition to alterations in total bone mineral density and bone geometry, longitudinal data confirm that the main contributors to errant bone maturation in patients with JIA are reductions in muscle mass and force. Growth hormone (GH) therapy, which has shown efficacy in controlling disease, may also positively influence body composition. For several years, GH therapy has been used to treat growth retardation in patients with JIA receiving glucocorticoids. GH therapy normalizes growth velocity, increases height, bone mineral density and bone mass and changes bone geometry. Despite ongoing glucocorticoid therapy, muscle mass and bone size substantially increase with GH therapy. Increased bone size suggests improved bone stability, which may reduce fracture risk. Along with the increase in muscle mass, patients experience stabilized or slightly decreased fat mass during GH therapy. Conclusions: All these effects suggest an anabolic effect of GH therapy on bone and body composition.

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Effect of growth hormone therapy and puberty on bone and body composition in children with idiopathic short stature and growth hormone deficiency

Cited by 63 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of one-year growth hormone therapy on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in Indian children with growth hormone deficiency

Effect of one-year growth hormone therapy on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in Indian children with growth hormone deficiency

The Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment on Forearm Muscle in GH-Deficient Children: Evidence Based on Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Measurements

Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Bone and Body Composition

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