Effect of growth conditions on crystal morphology and superconductivity of Bi-2212 oxide

Large Bi-2212 single crystal growth by the floating-zone technique

“…The latter work has shown that Bi-2212 single crystals with a thickness of less than 0.2 mm along the c-axis are easily obtained under various growth conditions and initial compositions. Gu et al have succeeded in using the TSFZ technique to grow relatively large Bi-2212 single crystals and showed that the optimal starting composition was Bi 2.1 Sr 1.9 Ca 1.0 Cu 2.0 O x [11,12]. They reported that while deviating from the optimal starting composition, the planar interface broke into cellular interface.…”

Crystal growth of Bi2(SrxCa3−x)Cu2Oy with traveling solvent floating zone method

“…In addition, the long axis of this ellipse indicates a larger range of bismuth distributions within the compound [20]. Comparing to crystal compositions of various reports [15][16][17][18][19], however, their compositional deviation spanned a wide range of approximately 10% particularly in the Bi content. This discrepancy was probably owing to measurements without calibrating by a compound standard.…”

“…Hollow circles represent the compositions of single crystals obtained by Gu et al [19]. (c) The tie-line relationship between the solidus field and the corresponding PCF of Sr/Ca ratio around 1.9 in Bi 2 (Sr,Ca) 3 Cu 2 O y system.…”

“…2 indicates that the structural modification, induced by the cation substitutions of Bi 3+ , Sr 2+ , uller et al [14]. Various symbols represent the compositions of single crystals obtained by different groups [15][16][17][18][19]. (b) Isothermal section of (SrO, CaO)-BiO 1.5 -CuO pseudo-ternary phase diagram at oxygen pressure of 0.07 bar in about 900 C. The triangle is drawn by taking the Sr/Ca ratio of 1.6 section of the single-phase region, determined by M .…”

Solvent Effect on Crystal Structure of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

“…However, the purity of the final product with less than 98 % is always unsatisfactory owing to the serious agglomeration during the process. It is well-known that the crystal structure and the growth rates of individual faces which depend on the growth conditions are closely interrelated [3,4]. The crystal structure depending on relative growth rates of various faces bounding the crystal often plays a vital role in the growth of high-quality crystals and their industrial use [5,6].…”