Effect of graphene oxide on affinity-immobilization of purple membranes on solid supports

Versatile Protein-A Coated Photoelectric Immunosensors with a Purple-Membrane Monolayer Transducer Fabricated by Affinity-Immobilization on a Graphene-Oxide Complexed Linker and by Shear Flow

“…spizizenii, Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Streptococcus mutans were all obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). b-PM and oxidized avidin (OA) were each prepared by modifying PM and avidin with EZ-link sulfo-NHS-LC-LC-biotin and sodium periodate, respectively, as previously described [22]. 3-Aminopropylphosphonic acid (APPA) and recombinant SpA were purchased from Fluorochem (Hadfield, UK) and ProSpec (Rotherham, UK), respectively.…”

“…PM monolayer fabrication was achieved by first affinity-immobilizing biotinylated PM, b-PM, on an aminated electrode via a planar complex linker constituted of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized avidin (OA), and then washing the b-PM coated surface with a microfluidic shear flow. OA, which carries aldehyde groups, was the major component to bridge between b-PM and surface amines through its avidin-biotin affinity interaction and Schiff’s base linkage with each of them, respectively [7,22]. GO was employed as a solid surfactant to improve b-PM immobilization and surface smoothness [22].…”

“…OA, which carries aldehyde groups, was the major component to bridge between b-PM and surface amines through its avidin-biotin affinity interaction and Schiff’s base linkage with each of them, respectively [7,22]. GO was employed as a solid surfactant to improve b-PM immobilization and surface smoothness [22]. Shear flow was applied with the intention to mobilize and increase the fluidity of the stacking b-PM patches to achieve high-coverage b-PM monolayer fabrication as well as effective subsequent SpA conjugation.…”

Desalination across a graphene oxide membrane via direct contact membrane distillation

“…Molecular simulation have shown the impermeability to salt molecules along with high pure water flux [26], and GO nanosheets have demonstrated excellent antifouling properties [27]. Recently graphene oxide (GO) has been used to develop membranes containing photosensitive bacteriorhodopsin [28]. However, real world applications of GO remain a challenge because single (or multiple) graphene sheets are difficult to assemble [19].…”

Laccase-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Assemblies as Efficient Nanobiocatalysts for Oxidation Reactions

“…Such multilayer assemblies have recently been shown to increase the surface molecule loading and, thus leading to a higher performance of biosensors [ 17 , 18 ]. Layer-by-layer deposition has been also used for the development of a reliable and reproducible fabrication scheme for solid-supported purple membrane-based devices [ 19 ], as well as for photocatalytic hydrogen production performance [ 20 ]. Furthermore, the layer-by-layer method could be also applied to realize artificial multi-enzyme complexes for in vitro cascade reactions [ 21 ].…”