Effect of graphene and MXene as 2D filler material on physico‐mechanical properties of hemp/E‐glass fibers reinforced hybrid composite: A comparative study

Abstract

The present study concentrates on the mechanical, morphological, water absorption and burning behavior of hemp/E-glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites (FRHC). The surface adhesive characteristics of the acquired bi-directional hemp fiber mats were enhanced by treating them with an alkali solution. Furthermore, the present work extends to identify the effects of two 2-dimensional graphene and MXene nanoparticles as filler on the hardness, flexural and tensile behavior as well as water absorption and flammability characteristics of the FRHC. The glass fiber (G), hemp fiber (H), and hemp/glass (G/H) fiber reinforced epoxy LY556 laminates were fabricated by using the hand lay-up method followed by the vacuum bagging approach. A 30% and 12% increase in the flexural and tensile strength of the H/G hybrid composite has been observed by adding 1% of graphene as an additional reinforcement compared with the neat FRHC. However, the use of MXene as additional reinforcements shows 45% and 10% enhancement in the flexural and tensile strength of the H/G hybrid composite. In addition, the water absorption capacity of MXene-filled G/H hybrid composites is found to be almost half of that filled with graphene. Similarly, the flammability results reveal that the burning rate of graphene-reinforced H/G hybrid composite is 17.44 mm/min. When comparing the mechanical, water absorption, and flammability characteristics of graphene and MXene-reinforced G/H hybrid composites, graphene gives more intensifying results than MXene.The scanning electron microscopic studies are also incorporated to investigate the fractured surface topography of the FRHC.

Two‐dimensional Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced ethyl methyl acrylate/ethylene octene copolymer binary blend hybrid nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and dielectric properties

“…However, there are no significant changes in the FTIR peak positions after the acid treatment, indicating strong acid mixture does not affect the internal structures of the nanotubes. Compared with the spectrum of p‐MWCNTs, the appearance of new peaks in 1735 and 1512 cm −1 are assigned to the CO widening of COOH groups and OH bending, respectively 43 . In addition, the peak at 1012 cm −1 has a lower intensity than the other peaks, suggesting that the HNO 3 /H 2 SO 4 acid mixture has cleaved the CO and COC groups.…”

“…Compared with the spectrum of p-MWCNTs, the appearance of new peaks in 1735 and 1512 cm À1 are assigned to the C O widening of COOH groups and O H bending, respectively. 43 In addition, the peak at 1012 cm À1 has a lower intensity than the other peaks, suggesting that the HNO 3 /H 2 SO 4 acid mixture has cleaved the C O and C O C groups. Thus, FTIR spectra confirm that the carboxylic acid groups on nanotubes are well-modified.…”

Ultrasonication‐assisted alkali treatment of hemp fibers to improve the fiber/matrix interface of hemp/epoxy composites: The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant

“…A wide spectrum of fiber and matrix treatments has been used to enhance the fiber/matrix bonding. These include NaOH treatment, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] silanization, 16,[23][24][25] acetylation, 16,23,26 grafting, [27][28][29] and use of enzymes. 14,15,30 Alkali treatment is a widely used fiber modification technique because it is low-cost, easy to apply and also very effective.…”

“…A wide spectrum of fiber and matrix treatments has been used to enhance the fiber/matrix bonding. These include NaOH treatment, 14–22 silanization, 16,23–25 acetylation, 16,23,26 grafting, 27–29 and use of enzymes 14,15,30 …”