Effect of grain size on actuator properties of piezoelectric ceramics

Hackenberger, Wesley S.; Pan, Ming‐Jen; Vedula, Venkata; Pertsch, P.; Cao, Wenwu; Randall, Clive A.; Shrout, Thomas R.

doi:10.1117/12.316878

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It appears, therefore, that the reduction in grain size associated with the increase in HA content contributes to the reduction in the piezoelectric constants. This suggestion is supported by the results of an earlier study [7] which found a rapid drop off in d 33 in lead zirconate-titanate ceramics for grain sizes below 1µm. Cau and Randall [8] found that, in fine grained materials, grain size affects domain wall motion and therefore influences piezoelectric properties.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

Baxter

Turner

Bowen

et al. 2007

KEM

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Abstract. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and barium titanate (BT) powders were mixed and sintered to form hydroxyapatite -barium titanate (HABT) ceramics. These materials were then poled and their piezoelectric properties were measured. The microstructure of unpoled samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The piezoelectric constants (d 33 and d 31 ) of the ceramics were found to be dependent on the proportion of BT in the ceramic In materials containing less than 70% BT, no piezoelectric effect was found. Above this value, the piezoelectric constant increased with the addition of BT up to a value of 108pCN -1 for pure BT. Values of d 33 for ceramics containing more than 80% BT are above values previously shown to have a positive influence on bone growth in vivo. SEM analysis indicated that the grain size within the materials decreased as the proportion of BT in the material was reduced. Examination of the microstructure of the ceramics indicated the presence of electrical domains in the 100% BT and 95% BT ceramics. Domains were not visible below 95% BT. The reduction in grain size may influence the reduction in piezoelectric activity within the materials but cannot be considered to be the only cause.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

Baxter

Turner

Bowen

et al. 2007

KEM

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“…Clearly the piezoelectric coefficients (d 33 , d 31 and d 15 ) are zero in the un-poled state, although the material will still exhibit a small degree of electrostriction, as experienced by all materials, which has not been considered in this approach. The permittivity of a ferroelectric is intimately linked to its microstructure, for instance with grain size [7][8][9], and to adequately represent the material to predict permittivity requires an approximation of the ceramic grain and sub-structure, which would ultimately require highly complex microstructural models. In addition, it is relatively trivial to experimentally measure the permittivity of an un-poled material using a simple measurement of a capacitance and geometry.…”

Section: Un-poled Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method to determine the un-poled elastic properties of ferroelectric materials

Bowen

Dent

Stevens

et al. 2017

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Piezoelectric devices with complex electrode geometries often contain ferroelectric regions that experience little or no electric field and remain unpolarised. Since the un-poled and poled material properties differ it is desirable to account for these regions in a device when developing predictive models or to design piezoelectric transducers. The lack of published data on the elastic properties for un-poled ferroelectrics, specifically the numerous commercial compositions such as lead zirconate titanate, reflects the difficulty of experimental measurement. In this work, a method for predicting un-poled properties from more commonly available poled data has been developed. A new method of calculating these properties is presented which provides a rapid and practical solution to the problem of evaluating the isotropic stiffness and Poisson's ratio for an un-poled ferroelectric material. The way in which this calculation has been derived and validated is presented and detailed comparisons are made with alternative methods and experimental data.

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“…Currently, soft PZT materials, such as PZT‐5H, have been the mainstay for low frequency (<10 MHz) ultrasound transducers due to their high electromechanical properties ( k t ≈ 0.50, k 33 ≈ 0.72) 4. With reduced grain size, PZT ceramics exhibit higher mechanical strength and better dicing performance, enabling the fabrication of fine pitch and high aspect‐ratio piezoelectric elements 5, 6. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional PZT ceramics, fine‐grained PZT ceramics retain their electromechanical properties at high frequencies (>50 MHz), making them suitable for use as high frequency ultrasound transducers 7, 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness‐Dependent Properties of Relaxor‐PbTiO₃ Ferroelectrics for Ultrasonic Transducers

Lee

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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120

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The electrical properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) based polycrystalline ceramics and single crystals were investigated as a function of scale ranging from 500 microns to 30 microns. Fine-grained PMN-PT ceramics exhibited comparable dielectric and piezoelectric properties to their coarse-grained counterpart in the low frequency range (<10 MHz), but offered greater mechanical strength and improved property stability with decreasing thickness, corresponding to higher operating frequencies (>40 MHz). For PMN-PT single crystals, however, the dielectric and electromechanical properties degraded with decreasing thickness, while ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) exhibited minimal size dependent behavior. The origin of property degradation of PMN-PT crystals was further studied by investigating the dielectric permittivity at high temperatures, and domain observations using optical polarized light microscopy. The results demonstrated that the thickness dependent properties of relaxor-PT ferroelectrics are closely related to the domain size with respect to the associated macroscopic scale of the samples.

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Effect of grain size on actuator properties of piezoelectric ceramics

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

A new method to determine the un-poled elastic properties of ferroelectric materials

Thickness‐Dependent Properties of Relaxor‐PbTiO₃ Ferroelectrics for Ultrasonic Transducers

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Effect of grain size on actuator properties of piezoelectric ceramics

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

The Structure and Properties of Electroceramics for Bone Graft Substitution

A new method to determine the un-poled elastic properties of ferroelectric materials

Thickness‐Dependent Properties of Relaxor‐PbTiO3 Ferroelectrics for Ultrasonic Transducers

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Product

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Thickness‐Dependent Properties of Relaxor‐PbTiO₃ Ferroelectrics for Ultrasonic Transducers