Effect of grain location on the panicle on activities involved in starch synthesis in rice endosperm

Umemoto, Takayuki; Nakamura, Yasunori; Ishikura, Norimitsu

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90448-5

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In rice endosperm, starch deposition is responsible for spikelet filling during the post anthesis period. The inferior basal spikelets do not fill properly owing to poor activity of the enzymes for starch synthesis (Umemoto et al 1994;Patel and Mohapatra 1996;Liang et al 2001;Smidansky et al 2003). Ethylene could affect the activity of the enzymes for starch synthesis, such as, sucrose synthase and invertase .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene control of seed coat development in low and high sterile semidwarf indica rice cultivars

Mohapatra

2006

Plant Growth Regul

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although basally positioned inferior spikelets of rice panicles emerge late from the flag leaf enclosure (boot), they mature early which precludes adequate grain filling. It is assumed that extended exposure to ethylene inside the boot restricts assimilate partitioning to the endosperm in basal spikelets by affecting the functions of seed coat. In the present study, ethylene concentration inside the boot was measured in two high yielding rice cultivars differing in percentage of spikelet sterility. To manipulate the concentration/action of ethylene, silver nitrate, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid were injected into the boot. The effect of these chemicals on the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity of the seed coat and lemma and palea were measured to monitor development. Ethylene reduced development during the juvenile phase but accelerated degradation of the photosynthetic tissues of the spikelets in the senescent phase. Boot ethylene correlated positively with number of barren spikelets in the panicle and negatively with concentration of photosynthetic pigments of the seed coat of inferior spikelets. The concentration of ethylene was higher in the high sterile cultivar Mahalaxmi than that of the low sterile Mahanadi. Inhibition of ethylene action or synthesis improved grain filling. The chemicals were most effective on the inferior spikelets. It was concluded that ethylene retarded seed coat development during the prestorage phase and reduced grain filling of basal spikelets.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene control of seed coat development in low and high sterile semidwarf indica rice cultivars

Mohapatra

2006

Plant Growth Regul

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on their flowering date and locations within a panicle, the spikelets can be classified as superior or inferior (Zhu et al 1988;Iwasaki et al 1992;Umemoto et al 1994). In general, superior spikelets flower earlier and are located on apical primary branches, while inferior spikelets flower later and are located on proximal secondary branches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of polyamines in the post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in rice

Yang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2008

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Early-flowered superior spikelets usually exhibit a faster grain filling rate and heavier grain weight than late-flowered inferior spikelets in rice (Oryza sativa L.). But the intrinsic factors responsible for the variations between the two types of spikelets are unclear. This study investigated whether and how polyamines (PAs) are involved in regulating post-anthesis development of rice spikelets. Six rice genotypes differing in grain filling rate were field grown, and PA levels and activities of the enzymes involved in PA biosynthesis were measured in both superior and inferior spikelets. The results showed that superior spikelets exhibited higher levels of free spermidine (Spd) and free spermine (Spm) and higher activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.50) and Spd synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) than inferior spikelets at the early endosperm cell division and grain filling stage. The maximum concentrations of free Spd and free Spm and the maximum activities of ADC, SAMDC and Spd synthase were significantly correlated with the maximum cell division and grain filling rates, maximum cell number and grain weight. Application of Spd and Spm to panicles resulted in significantly higher rates of endosperm cell division and grain filling in inferior spikelets along with the activities of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27) and soluble starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21), suggesting that these PAs are involved in the sucrose-starch metabolic pathway. The results indicate that the poor development of inferior spikelets is attributed, at least partly, to the low PA level and its low biosynthetic activity.

show abstract

“…Heterogeneous architecture of the panicle and its relationship to grain yield Variation in grain weight and quality within a panicle is dependent on panicle architecture. However, starch synthesis in the endosperm cells of the spikelets on secondary branches is poor (Umemoto et al, 1994) and assimilates partitioned to them remain unused so that the sink may be the impediment to the transport and storage of assimilates. It is possible that poor translocation and partitioning of assimilates from the source leaves and stems at crucial stages of grain filling fails to sustain development of a large number of spikelets (Yang et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Panicle Architecture and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enzyme isoforms required for starch biosynthesis in rice are not found in other cereal tissues or noncereal plants ( James et al, 2003). However, only four of them, namely, sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13 SUS), adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27, AGPase), starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21 StSase), and starch branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18,BE), are believed to play key roles in the processes that determine starch quality and grain filling (Umemoto et al, 1994;Yang et al, 2001a). Grain filling and the grain quality of the inferior spikelets of the rice panicle can be affected by the activity of the enzymes of sucrose metabolism in the endosperm, and the enzyme action can determine the sink strength of the endosperm.…”

Section: Starch Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Spikelet Development on the Rice Panicle

Mohapatra

Panigrahi

Turner

2011

Advances in Agronomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of grain location on the panicle on activities involved in starch synthesis in rice endosperm

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Ethylene control of seed coat development in low and high sterile semidwarf indica rice cultivars

Ethylene control of seed coat development in low and high sterile semidwarf indica rice cultivars

Involvement of polyamines in the post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in rice

Physiology of Spikelet Development on the Rice Panicle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About