Effect of graded levels of niacin supplementation of a semipurified diet on energy and nitrogen balance, growth performance, diarrhea occurrence, and niacin metabolite excretion by growing swine1

Abstract

Thirty-six crossbred barrows with an average initial age of 42 d and BW of 13.8 kg were placed in individual metabolism crates in a 35-d experiment to evaluate the supplementation of a semipurified diet with graded levels of crystalline niacin. Response criteria were energy and N balance, growth performance, occurrence of niacin deficiency diarrhea, and urinary excretion of the niacin metabolite N(1)-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylamide (PYR). The basal diet met the true ileal Trp requirement of growing swine, and supplementation with 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 44 mg of niacin/kg made 6 treatments. Pigs were observed for scours twice daily, and pig BW and feed consumption were determined weekly. Total urine collections and fecal grab samples were made twice daily from each pig from d 28 to 35. Pigs fed the diet containing 14 mg of niacin/kg absorbed and retained more (P < 0.05) grams of N/d, had a greater N digestibility (%, P < 0.05), a greater ADFI and ADG (P < 0.10), and no diarrhea (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the diet containing 6 mg of niacin/kg, and pigs fed the diet containing 10 mg of niacin/kg were intermediate in ADG. There were no additional improvements in the response criteria with niacin supplementation greater than 14 mg/kg. Urinary PYR criteria (mg/L and mg/d) were greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed the diet containing 44 mg of niacin/kg than for pigs fed the diets containing 6 to 22 mg of niacin/kg. However, urinary PYR criteria for pigs fed the diets containing 6 to 22 mg of niacin/kg did not differ from each other, indicating that PYR was not a sensitive indicator of niacin status for growing swine. Niacin treatment did not affect the percentages of N retained/N absorbed, N retained/N intake, DE, or ME. In conclusion, 14 mg of crystalline niacin/kg of semipurified diet adequate in Trp was the minimum concentration of niacin that maximized N utilization and growth performance, and prevented niacin deficiency diarrhea of growing swine in the current experiment. Because practical feed ingredients may be sources of available endogenous niacin, supplementation of practical diets with 100% of the current NRC requirement for niacin should provide adequate niacin for growing swine.

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by VITAC EEIG

“…All data available in the public literature demonstrate that nicotinamide when fed to animals is an efficacious source of niacin (see, for example, Da Silva et al, 1952;Baker et al, 1976;Yen et al, 1978;Copelin et al, 1980;Waldroup et al, 1985;Harms et al, 1988;Real et al, 2002;Ivers and Veum, 2012). Data on requirements, allowances and recommendations for feed supplementation are easily accessible as standard literature for animal nutrition experts.…”

Immunomodulatory effects of whole yeast cells and capsicum in weanling pigs challenged with pathogenicEscherichia coli1

“…Growth performance was calculated during the preinoculation period (−13 to 0 DPI), and in 2 postinoculation periods (0 to 5 DPI [acute phase], and 5 to 10 DPI [recovery phase]). Beginning at study initiation, pigs were observed twice daily and subjectively scored for the incidence of diarrhea as previously outlined by Ivers and Veum (2012). Daily observations were conducted by 2 individuals independently, and observers were blinded to dietary treatment.…”

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Lonza Benelux BV

“…Data on requirements, allowances and recommendations for feed supplementation are easily accessible as standard literature for animal nutrition experts. All data available in the public literature demonstrate that nicotininc acid and nicotinamide when fed to animals are efficacious sources of niacin (see, for example, Da Silva et al, 1952;Baker et al, 1976;Yen et al, 1978;Copelin et al, 1980;Waldroup et al, 1985;Harms et al, 1988;Oduho and Baker, 1993;Real et al, 2002;Ivers and Veum, 2012).…”