Effect of Glutamine on Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing by Normal and Pediatric Burn Patient Neutrophils

Ogle, Cora K.; Ogle, James D.; Mao, Ju-Xian; Simón, J.; Noel, John G.; Li, Bing-Guo; Alexander, J. Wesley

doi:10.1177/0148607194018002128

Cited by 162 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Glutamine plays an important role in protein (as amino-acid source), lipid (through NAD(P)H production) and nucleotide synthesis (through purine and pyrimidine production), and in NADPH oxidase activity (Newsholme et al 2003, Curi et al 2005. Glutamine raises the in vitro bacterial killing activity and the rate of ROS production by neutrophils (Ogle et al 1994, Pithon-Curi et al 1998. Pithon-Curi et al (2003) showed that glutamine has a protective effect on neutrophil apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes causes marked changes in function and metabolism of rat neutrophils

Alba-Loureiro

Hirabara²,

Mendonça³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

151

133

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Several studies have shown impairment of neutrophil function, a disorder that contributes to the high incidence of infections in diabetes. Since glucose and glutamine play a key role in neutrophil function, we investigated their metabolism in neutrophils obtained from the peritoneal cavity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes causes marked changes in function and metabolism of rat neutrophils

Alba-Loureiro

Hirabara²,

Mendonça³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

151

133

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“…In rodent and human models, Gln is important for the synthesis of cytokines (e.g. IL-1b and IL-6) in macrophages and monocytes, phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (Wallace and Keast, 1992;Ogle et al, 1994;Yassad et al, 1997). Lymphocytes utilize Gln primarily for cell division and lactate production (Newsholme et al, 1985;Newsholme et al, 1999).…”

Section: Glnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Ingvartsen

Moyes

2013

Animal

263

214

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The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

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“…Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis is influenced by glutamine availability (11). Beneficial effects of the provision of glutamine (16) or its precursors (17) have been reported in patients submitted to surgery, radiation treatment or bone marrow transplantation or suffering from injury, sepsis or burns (18).…”

Section: Role Of Glutamine In Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic fate of glutamine in lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

Curi

Newsholme

Pithon-Curi

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

106

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Eric Newsholmes laboratory was the first to show glutamine utilization by lymphocytes and macrophages. Recently, we have found that neutrophils also utilize glutamine. This amino acid has been shown to play a role in lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production by lymphocytes and macrophages and phagocytosis and superoxide production by macrophages and neutrophils. Knowledge of the metabolic fate of glutamine in these cells is important for the understanding of the role and function of this amino acid in the maintenance of the proliferative, phagocytic and secretory capacities of these cells. Glutamine and glucose are poorly oxidized by these cells and might produce important precursors for DNA, RNA, protein and lipid synthesis. The high rate of glutamine utilization and its importance in such cells have raised the question as to the source of this glutamine, which, according to current evidence, appears to be muscle.

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Effect of Glutamine on Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing by Normal and Pediatric Burn Patient Neutrophils

Cited by 162 publications

References 13 publications

Diabetes causes marked changes in function and metabolism of rat neutrophils

Diabetes causes marked changes in function and metabolism of rat neutrophils

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Metabolic fate of glutamine in lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

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