Effect of glucose, its analogs and some amino acids on pre‐steady state kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by PM‐ATPase of<i>pathogenic yeast</i>(<i>candida albicans</i>)

et al. 2011

J. Basic Microbiol.

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This work evaluates the antifungal activity of two essential oil components against 28 clinical isolates (17 sensitive, 11 resistant) and 3 standard laboratory strains of Candida. Growth of the organisms was significantly effected in both solid and liquid media at different test compound concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Isoeugenol (compound 1) against 31 strains of Candida ranged 100-250 μg/ml and those of o -methoxy cinnamaldehyde (compound 2) ranged 200-500 μg/ml, respectively. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that these compounds exert antifungal activity by targeting H(+)-ATPase located in the membranes of pathogenic Candida species. At their respective MIC(90) average inhibition of H(+)-efflux for standard, clinical and resistant isolates caused by compound 1 and compound 2 was 70%, 74%, 82% and 42%, 42% and 43%. Respective inhibition of H(+)-efflux by fluconazole (5 μg/ml) was 94%, 92% and 10%. Inhibition of H(+)-ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. SEM analysis of Candida cells showed cell membrane breakage and alterations in morphology. Haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity.

Section: Proton Efflux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton pumping ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of two essential oil components

Bhatia

Shreaz

et al. 2011

J. Basic Microbiol.

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“…The proton pumping activity of Candida species was determined by monitoring acidification of external medium by measuring the pH as described previously []. Briefly, mid‐log phase cells harvested from YPD medium were washed twice with distilled water and routinely 0.1 g cells were suspended in 5 ml solution containing 0.1 M KCl, 0.1 mM CaCl 2 in distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticandidal activity of cobalt containing sunflower oil‐based polymer

Singh

Polymer Engineering & Sci

Shreaz

et al. 2013

Bioactive metal cobalt containing sunflower oil-based polyesteramide resin was developed by condensation polymerization reaction among oil-derived sunflower fatty amide diol, adipic acid, and cobalt chloride. Microwave-assisted synthesis was used throughout the reaction as it enhances reaction rate, gives higher yield, and greater purity of the products. Spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, have been used to establish the structure of the polymers. Presence of cobalt in polymer has been confirmed through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Standard laboratory methods such as acid value, hydroxyl value, saponification value, iodine value, specific gravity, and viscosity were used to study the physicochemical characteristics of the polymers. Thermal behavior of the polymer was analyzed using thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis. The synthesized polymers were evaluated for their biological activity. This study indicates that the synthesized polymer has significant antifungal activity against Candida, including azole-resistant strains, advocating further investigation for clinical applications in the treatment of fungal infections.

“…The container was connected to a water circulator at 25ºC. H + extrusion rate was calculated from the volume of 0.01 N NaOH consumed [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activities of Ocimum sanctum Essential Oil and its Lead Molecules

Natural Product Communications

Ahmad

Manzoor

et al. 2010

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Aqueous extracts and oils of five Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for their antimicrobial activities, were evaluated against two of the most prevalent Candida species causing candidiasis, C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Of these plant materials, three showed varying degrees of antifungal activity against both species. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) essential oil (TEO) was found to be the most effective, followed by Peppermint essential oil, and Aloe vera aqueous leaf extract. The product with the lowest MIC was further studied along with its lead molecules to explore the possible mechanism of action of the most active constituents. Eugenol, methyl eugenol, linalool, and 1, 8-cineole, along with TEO were then evaluated at the same. The pattern and extent of inhibition was studied using growth and WST1 cytotoxicity assays. Proton pumps are important for growth and metabolism of Candida species and so H + extrusion studies were performed to explore the possible mechanism of the test compounds. Linalool was the most active constituent of TEO, whereas inhibition of H + extrusion appeared to be a synergistic function of the lead molecules.