Effect of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in rat

Fritze, K.; Sommer, Clemens; Schmitz, Bernd; Mies, Günter; Hossmann, Konstantin‐Alexander; Kiessling, Marika; Wiessner, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s004010050734

Cited by 118 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We have designed the exposure system consisting of real CDMA signal source module, trays, antennae, and chamber for shielding in analogy to previous studies (Burkhardt et al, 1997;Fritze et al, 1997;Moros et al, 1999 10 acrylic-tube restrainers, and thus 40 mice can be exposed at the same time (Figure 1). The chamber is made of aluminum, the external size of which is 745 mm × 1,060 mm × 1,980 mm.…”

Section: Local Exposure System For Mobile Phone Frequency Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local exposure of 849 MHz and 1763 MHz radiofrequency radiation to mouse heads does not induce cell death or cell proliferation in brain

et al. 2008

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Even though there is no direct evidence to prove the cellular and molecular changes induced by radiofrequency (RF) radiation itself, we cannot completely exclude the possibility of any biological effect of mobile phone frequency radiation. We established a carousel-type exposure chamber for 849 MHz or 1763 MHz of mobile phone RF radiation to expose RF to the heads of C57BL mice. In this chamber, animals were irradiated intermittently at 7.8 W/kg for a maximum of 12 months. During this period, the body weights of 3 groups-sham, 849 MHz RF, and 1763 MHz RF-did not show any differences between groups. The brain tissues were obtained from 3 groups at 6 months and 12 months to examine the differences in histology and cell proliferation between control and RF exposure groups, but we could not find any change upon RF radiation. Likewise, we could not find changes in the expression and distribution of NeuN and GFAP in hippocampus and cerebellum, or in cell death by TUNEL assay in RF exposure groups. From these data, we conclude that the chronic exposure to 849 MHz and 1763 MHz RF radiation at a 7.8 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) could not induce cellular alterations such as proliferation, death, and reactive gliosis.

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Section: Local Exposure System For Mobile Phone Frequency Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local exposure of 849 MHz and 1763 MHz radiofrequency radiation to mouse heads does not induce cell death or cell proliferation in brain

et al. 2008

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“…Tsurita et al [2000] failed to show BBB, cerebellum Purkinji cell, or body weight changes in rats, following 1.44 GHz TDMA exposures at SARs up to 2 W/kg. Fritze et al [1997] measured albumin leakage in rats exposed for several days to 900 MHz GSM MP exposure. They found leakage only at the highest SAR of 7.5 W/kg.…”

Section: Blood^brain Barrier (Bbb) Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave effects on the nervous system

D'Andrea

Chou

Johnston³

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

116

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Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.

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“…The exposure to electromagnetic radiations causes side effects, including thermal and non-thermal side effects. Sensations of burning or warmth around the ear [2], headache [3], disturbance of sleep [4], alteration of cognitive functions and neural activity [5,6], as well as alteration in the blood-brain barrier and a change in the regional cerebral blood flow have been reported as effects resulting from mobile phone usage [7,8]. Ill effects of electromagnetic radiations on humans are rightly assumed as the matter of serious public health concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Long Term Effect of Mobile Phone Usage on Hearing Faculties Using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Sharma¹,

DK²

2016

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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Mobile phones are the necessity in modern life. The exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by mobile telephones is increasing rapidly that causes side effects, which may be thermal and non-thermal side effects. Thirty non-user participants and sixty user participants (who use mobile phones for more than 1 hour for more than 2 years) were included in the study. Users participants were further sub-divided into Group A (which use mobile phones for more than 1 hours for more than 2 years but less than 5 years) and Group B (who use mobile phones for more than 1 hours for more than 5 years). Auditory status of the subjects was assessed by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). Latencies of waves I, III, V and inter-peak latency of I-V were recorded in users and non-users. There was a significant change in the latencies of BERA potentials of wave I and III in users compared to non-users. These changes suggest that radiations emitted from mobile phone causes damage to inner ear, cochlea and may be outer hair cells of inner ear. These results show that electromagnetic frequencies of mobile phone cause some damage to ear and auditory pathway. The study shows that mobile phones have a detrimental effect on the human auditory system.

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Effect of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in rat

Cited by 118 publications

References 32 publications

Local exposure of 849 MHz and 1763 MHz radiofrequency radiation to mouse heads does not induce cell death or cell proliferation in brain

Local exposure of 849 MHz and 1763 MHz radiofrequency radiation to mouse heads does not induce cell death or cell proliferation in brain

Microwave effects on the nervous system

Assessment Long Term Effect of Mobile Phone Usage on Hearing Faculties Using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

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