Effect of glass fiber hybridization on the mechanical properties of unidirectional, alkali‐treated kenaf‐epoxy composites

Abstract

Due to environmental issues and high cost of synthetic fibers, natural or cellulosic fibers have emerged as a promising reinforcement for polymer composites. The hybridization of natural fiber with synthetic fiber is a useful technique to improve the mechanical properties instead of using the natural fibers alone. This research aims to evaluate the influence of glass fiber hybridization on the mechanical properties of continuous, unidirectional, alkali (NaOH)‐treated kenaf‐epoxy composites. At first, the effect of treatment of various concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9% w/v) of NaOH on the structure of single kenaf fiber was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and tensile testing. At the optimum 5% alkali concentration the tensile strength, modulus, and %elongation of the kenaf fibers were enhanced by 81%, 114%, and 42%, respectively. The effect of hybridization of 5% NaOH treated kenaf along with glass fiber on the improvement in tensile, flexural, and impact properties for hand laid kenaf‐glass‐epoxy hybrid composite laminates was established. The overall matrix to fiber weight ratio of five different layup sequence laminates was maintained constant at 70:30. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the 15% glass and 15% kenaf fiber hybridized composites exhibited the maximum increment in tensile strength and modulus (68.5% and 19.5%, respectively) in comparison to the unhybridized composites. Further, the flexural strength and modulus were also improved by 21% and 67%, respectively, and the impact strength by 153%. The SEM fractography proved that alkali treatment of fibers improved the fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding whereas fiber breakage, fiber pull‐out and debonding were established as the main fracture mechanisms of hybrid composites. The findings of the present investigation on kenaf‐glass hybrid composites corroborate that they are suitable for secondary structural applications in construction and automobile sectors.

Effect of alkali treated groundnut shell powder in the basalt fiber reinforced polyethylene hybrid composites: A sustainable approach towards green composites

“…Additionally, European Union (EU) regulations on end‐of‐life vehicles (ELVs) put pressure on manufacturers to use more agriculturally based products rather than fewer components derived from petroleum. [ 10 ]…”

“…[6][7][8] Researchers' interest in natural fibers made from plants has increased recently due to their many advantages over synthetic fibers, including low cost, low density, comparable specific mechanical properties, nontoxicity, recyclability, non-abrasion, biodegradability, and high acoustic capabilities. [9,10] Natural fibers are a possible replacement for traditional synthetic fibers in composites since they may be made from renewable resources. The use of bio-fibers in composites is constrained despite these benefits due to their poor wettability, high moisture absorption, and limited thermal stability.…”

“…The use of bio-fibers in composites is constrained despite these benefits due to their poor wettability, high moisture absorption, and limited thermal stability. [10][11][12] Global car production is expected to reach 76 million units per year by 2025. As petroleum supplies are used up, the cost of products depending on petroleum will fluctuate.…”

“…Additionally, European Union (EU) regulations on end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) put pressure on manufacturers to use more agriculturally based products rather than fewer components derived from petroleum. [10] In this regard, basalt fiber (BF), which is declared as the future fiber from many works of literature, could be the answer to all. BF is produced from the naturally existing hard rock of the ashes from the volcano.…”

Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

“…[17] (Verma et al, 2022) observed that after alkali treatment of kenaf fiber, the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy composite significantly improved. [18] (Dehury et al, 2022) studied the impact of alkali treatment followed by acrylic treatment on sea purslane fiber reinforced epoxy composite. [19] Surface treatment of natural fiber received an attention because surface treatments also enhance the thermal stability of polymer composites.…”