Effect of Giving Ethanol Extract of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Immunohistochemical Overview of CD40 in Cardiac Aorta of Male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Cooking Oil

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that can cause death such as coronary heart disease. The use of used cooking oil can cause the formation of free fatty acids, trans fatty acids and free radicals that can trigger atherosclerosis. One of the biomarkers of atherosclerosis is CD40. Red dragon fruit contains anthocyanins which act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) (EEBNM) on CD40 immunohistochemistry in the heart aorta of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by cooking oil. This research is true experimental with randomized post-test-only control group design. The number of samples was 35 male wistar rats consisting of 7 groups. Group K0 (Standard normal diet). In group P1, P2 was given cooking oil 5 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day. P3, P4 were given cooking oil 10 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day. P5, P6 were given cooking oil 15 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day for 60 days. The results of the kruskal-wallis test showed that there was a significant difference between the seven treatment groups (p-value=0.039). The results of the mann-whitney test in the treatment (P2) of frying 5 times at a dose of 90 mg/kg BW on the CD40 count the results showed a significant difference. This study proves that the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) can reduce the number of CD40 in the heart aorta of male wistar rats induced by cooking oil. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cooking Oil, Red Dragon Fruit, CD40.