Effect of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re on glucose transport in mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

Abstract

Ginsenosides, the active component of Panax ginseng, have been shown to evidence a variety of biological activities associated with hyperglycemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effects of the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Re, on glucose uptake and the glucose transport system in mature 3T3-L1 cells. The results demonstrated that the glucose uptake of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at concentrations of 1-10 µM significantly increased by approximately ∼10% and ∼12%, respectively. Furthermore, the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA expression of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at 10 µM was increased by approximately ∼1.73 and 1.43 fold, respectively. It was further confirmed in a series of experiments that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re stimulated the mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-110α protein, which is involved in downstream events in the insulin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that ginsenosides Rg3 and Re may stimulate glucose uptake via the PI3K pathways involving IRS-1. Further, our results suggest that both of these ginsenosides might prove useful as effective antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic agents.

Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Ingredients in Improving Diabetes Mellitus Complications

“…They found that the active ingredients in this plant, such as ginsenosides Rg3 and Re, were effective with respect to glucose uptake via insulin-dependent pathways because it increased the expression of GLUT4, insulin receptor substrate 1, and PI3K (39).…”

Ginsenoside F2 possesses anti-obesity activity via binding with PPARγ and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line

“…Where else Re and Rg3 demonstrated the evidence of glucose uptake in mature 3T3-L1 cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 was studied on PPARg that proved to work as anti-obese compound in 3T3-L1 cell line 6,25,26 . Therefore, this manuscript shows that, although we selected 12 ginsenosides at the beginning from that considering the compounds having binding interaction, we selected only F2 for experimental studies, which may be used for PPARg inhibition to confirm our Insilco hypothesis.…”

Ginsenosides and their metabolites: a review of their pharmacological activities in the skin

“…Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses cytokine expression in Ab42-treated BV-2 cells and blocks the nuclear factor (NF)-jB signaling pathway. Antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of ginsenoside Rg3 have been demonstrated in several models [21,42,50]. In 2009, Hwang et al [21] described the antiobesity activity of ginsenoside Rg3 by demonstrating its effect on the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinases and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-c in 3T3-L1 cells.…”

“…It has been well documented that Rg3 exerts a protective effect against cancer [15,41,68], neurotoxicity [24], and metabolic disease [21,42,50] (Table 1). In regard to its anticancer properties, an increase in cancer cell apoptosis is a major outcome [22,41,52].…”

“…Among the P. ginseng species, Asian ginseng (P. ginseng C. A. Meyer) is the most widely used and studied, and is believed to exhibit properties that promote longevity and improve overall health. Indeed, recent accumulative data have demonstrated that P. ginseng and its constituents exert protective effects against chronic diseases such as cancer [9], circulatory diseases [13,66], and metabolic syndrome [21,42].…”