Effect of gingival application of melatonin on alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease

Cutando, Antonio; López-Valverde, Antonio; Gómez-de-Diego, Rafel; Arias‐Santiago, Salvador; Vicente-Jiménez, Joaquín de

doi:10.4317/medoral.18832

Cited by 34 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…20 Furthermore, various studies have shown that altered salivary pH, BC and ALP levels are associated with the formation or development of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, orthodontic tooth movements, cancer, abdominal inflammatory diseases and the early onset of menopause. 3,4,12,13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In the current study, salivary pH was lower among smokers in comparison to non-smokers; although the mean values found seem to reflect a minimal difference between the two groups (7.42 versus 7.52, respectively), even very small alterations in pH can influence salivary enzyme activity. 6 Additionally, BC was significant lower among smokers in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage-and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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“…Systemic administration of melatonin for the treatment of periodontal disease has been tested mainly on rats by intraperitoneal infusion: 10 mg/kg per day for 15 days . Studies on human involved topical administration of melatonin 1% (orabase cream formula) for 20 days . One clinical trial involved the oral administration of melatonin 2 mg 1 per day for 30 days, in combination with NSPT .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human trials too showed promising results, with an improvement of periodontal tissue health . Topical application of melatonin 1%, once daily for 20 days, to patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, was associated with: an improvement in the gingival index and pocket depth, a reduction in salivary concentrations of RANKL and increase in salivary concentrations of osteoprotegerin, a significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase, reduction in IL6 and C‐reactive protein serum levels …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dentistry, researchers tried to take advantage of melatonin's effect to improve oral cavity health . The use of melatonin in treating periodontal disease is hopeful . It is physiologically present in saliva and in crevicular fluid; patients affected by periodontitis show a statistically significant reduction in salivary melatonin levels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin as host modulating agent supporting nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis: A preliminary randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

Tinto¹,

Sartori²,

Pizzi³

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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Objectives The aim of the current clinical trial was to evaluate if the oral supplementation of melatonin after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) determined a better periodontal healing than NSPT alone, in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis. Background Melatonin's anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacities, together with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are key characteristics that justify the therapeutic use for the treatment of periodontitis. Methods This is a randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Twenty patients were blindly randomized either to melatonin or placebo group. The melatonin group received NSPT and melatonin capsules 1 mg per day for 1 month, while the placebo, NSPT, and placebo capsules for 1 month. The patients were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after. Mean change from baseline probing depth (PD) was the primary outcome; site of probing was used as unit of analysis; FMBS (%) and FMPS (%) were also calculated. Mann‐Whitney test was used to evaluate statistical significance (α = 0.05). Results Melatonin was well tolerated by all patients. Both treatments were effective in reducing PD, but no statistical difference was found when comparing posttreatment PD (probing all sites), P = .62. When considering the primary outcome, melatonin administration resulted in greater mean PD change at 6 months if compared to control group: for 4‐5 mm sites 1.86 (0.81) vs 1.04 (0.69), P = .00001 and for sites >5 mm 3.33 (1.43) vs 2.11 (0.96), P = .00012. No difference was found for FMBS and FMPS. Conclusion Current study, within its limitations, concluded that oral administration of melatonin (1 mg per day for 30 days) after one‐stage full mouth NSPT determined a greater change from baseline PD if compared to NSPT alone, in untreated stage III periodontitis. This could provide a non‐pharmacological support to improve periodontal healing of periodontal sites after NSPT.

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“…Kara et al showed that it decreases proinflammatory cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis [77]. Cutando et al [78] showed that melatonin treatment in patients with diabetes significantly reduced the gingival index, pocket depth and RANKL levels and also increased osteoprotegrin concentrations. Due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, the severity of gingival and periodontal inflammation was reduced.…”

Section: A) Melatonin In the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment

Moneim¹,

Guerra‐Librero²,

Florido³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The current treatment for cervico-facial cancer involves radio and/or chemotherapy.Unfortunately, cancer therapies can lead to local and systemic complications such as mucositis, which is the most common dose-dependent complication in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.Mucositis can cause a considerably reduced quality of life in cancer patients already suffering from physical and psychological exhaustion. However, melatonin, whose role in the treatment of mucositis has recently been investigated, offers an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and/or management of radio and/or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This review focuses on the pathobiology and management of mucositis in order to improve the quality of cancer patients' lives.Keywords: mucositis; radiotherapy; chemotherapy; pathophysiology; management; melatonin Overview of mucositis pathobiologyMucositis, one of the most severe toxic side effects of cancer therapy, can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract, with the oral cavity being the most common affected site. It presents in virtually all head and neck cancer patients receiving chemo and/or radiotherapy, in 60-85% of those receiving myeloablative therapy for stem-cell transplantation and in 20-40% of patients receiving conventional chemotherapy [1][2][3]. The use of concomitant chemotherapy and/or targeted agents increases the risk of mucositis.Oral lesions lead to considerably decreased quality of life in these patients due to solid and liquid food dysphagia, dysarthria and odynophagia, resulting in depression in some patients, who often require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion [4]. In addition, mucositis lesions may represent a gateway to opportunistic infections, can complicate cancer treatment and extend hospitalization [5][6]. On the other hand, given its dose-limiting toxicity for both chemo and radiotherapy, mucositis can have a direct impact on survival rates [7]. Pathophysiology of mucositisRecent developments in mucositis research have highlighted multiple factors which contribute to mucosal injury [8]. A five-phase chronological process has been proposed: initiation, primary damage response (upregulation and message generation), signal amplification, ulceration and the healing phase [9]. Mucositis commences when gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa are exposed to cytotoxic agents, resulting in cellular DNA damage and cell death, mainly through the generation of oxidative Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 9 March 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0052.v1Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, , 1003 doi:10.3390 The progression of mucositis is characterized by significant inflammatory mediator up-regulation due to the activation of the NF-κB pathway (upregulation and message generation phase). This is followed by the signaling and amplification phase, during which, once activated by chemotherapy and ROS, NF-κB promotes the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxid...

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Effect of gingival application of melatonin on alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Melatonin as host modulating agent supporting nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis: A preliminary randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment

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