Effect of gibberellin and retardants on the germination of seeds with different types of reserve substances under the conditions of skoto- and photomorphogenesis

Abstract

The influence of preparations of phytohormone gibberellin and antigibberellin–retardants tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride – on the germination of plant seeds with different types of reserve compounds in the light (photomorphogenesis) and in the dark (skotomorphogenesis) was studied. It was established that under the action of gibberellin, stimulation of the aboveground part and root system growth of maize, beans and pumpkin seedlings was more intensive in comparison with the control. This process was faster in the dark. The use of tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride significantly inhibited the process of germination both in the light and in the dark. At the same time, the coefficient of the use of reserve substances was maximal under the action of gibberellin, and minimum under the action of retardants, both under the conditions of skoto- and photomorphogenesis. The change in the growth characteristics and the coefficient of the use of reserve substances of bean seeds was accompanied by a decrease in the content of total nitrogen, indicating the use of reserve nitrogen-containing compounds in the processes of morphogenesis. The content of protein nitrogen in the control was lower under the conditions of skotomorphogenesis than in the photomorphic seedlings, and the opposite effect was noted for the actions of gibberellin and the retardant. In the later stages of germination, the largest reserve oil of pumpkin seed remained in cotyledonary leaves of photomorphic plants under the effects of chlormequat chloride, which clearly correlated with the least intense growth rates of seedlings in this variant, both in the light and darkness. Under conditions of skotomorphogenesis the growth stimulating effect of gibberellin significantly increased, and the light blocked the action of this phytohormone.

Effect of gibberellin on the use of reserve substances deposited in Vicia faba L. seeds at the phase of heterotrophic development under the conditions of photo- and skotomorphogenesis

“…In our opinion, this indicates that the hydrolysis of the seed reserve protein was stimulated by gibberellin in dark, but the process is started after intensive hydrolysis of starch. A similar trend is found in the germination of corn seeds: primarily the use of starch and protein compounds are used at later stages of germination (Poprotska et al, 2019).…”

“…In our opinion, this is due to the biodilution of the element by the organic matter of these organs caused by more intensive growth rates of skotomorphic plants. It was previously found that the change in growth characteristics and the rate of the utilization of reserve substances of bean seeds were accompanied by a decrease in total nitrogen content, which indicates the use of reserve nitrogen-containing compounds for morphogenesis (Poprotska et al, 2019). Our data indicate that under conditions of skotomorphogenesis, the content of protein nitrogen in the control was lower than in photomorphic seedlings, and under the action of gibberellin the content of protein fraction of nitrogen decreased and the content of non-protein fraction significantly increased.…”

“…Under the action of retardants, which block the formation of gibberellins, the germination process was blocked both in light and in dark. The rate of the utilization of reserve substances under the action of gibberellin was maximal, and under the action of antigibberellin drugs tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride was minimal in both skotomorphic and photomorphic seedlings (Kuryata et al, 2017;Poprotska et al, 2019). Thus, gibberellin plays a universal role in germination processes, regardless of the type of seed reserve; its effect is enhanced in dark.…”

“…The principal stock of horse beans is featured by both starch and protein. The literature presents only limited data on the use of deposited proteins and lipids under the effect of gibberellins (Poprotska et al, 2019).…”

The effect of growth promotors and retardants on the morphogenesis, photosynthesis and productivity of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

“…It is known that morpho-physiological changes under the influence of growth regulators cause the rearrangement of the leaves as well as whole photosynthetic apparatus, affect its activity, which also changes the supply of plants with assimilates and leads to their redistribution in the source-sink system [2,12,15].…”