Effect of gibberellic acid and calliterpenone on plant growth attributes, trichomes, essential oil biosynthesis and pathway gene expression in differential manner in Mentha arvensis L

Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Gene Expression of Menthol Biosynthesis Pathway In Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.)

“…One other interesting result is elucidated that expression levels of genes in later stages of oil biosynthesis, including neo-red and m-deh was down-regulated by GA 3 treatment. This result is consistent with finding in former study, which observed no substantial alterations in transcript levels of genes dedicated to the early steps of oil biosynthesis ( gds, lh,ls) in response to GA 3 in M. arvensis [18]. A recent study also has reported the effect of GA 3 on the stimulation of trichome formation and increases in its density and diameter on M. arvensis eventually resulted in increase oil yield.…”

Plant Glandular Trichomes: Natural Cell Factories of High Biotechnological Interest

“…In this respect, some phytohormones, especially jasmonate (JA) and possibly GAs, elicit glandular trichome development via signaling cascades and the activation of trichome-specific transcriptional regulators (Li et al, 2004;Koo and Howe, 2009;Bose et al, 2013;Bosch et al, 2014;Tian et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2017). In Mentha arvensis, exogenous application of GA resulted in a moderate increase in trichome density and diameter of the gland, suggesting a positive, although moderate, effect of GA on trichome initiation and development in mint (Bose et al, 2013). For example, reduced JA levels (through silencing of OPR3, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the precursor of JA) led to impaired glandular trichome development in tomato: the density of type VI trichomes was reduced drastically, and their metabolite content was different from that of the wild type (Bosch et al, 2014).…”

Identification and metabolomic analysis of chemical modulators for lipid accumulation in Crypthecodinium cohnii

“…Based on previous studies of chemical modulators on lipid accumulation in a diverse of organisms (Bose et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2012;Franz et al, 2013;Lian et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2015;Zou et al, 1995), fourteen chemicals from five chemical groups, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, signal transducer and amine were selected for evaluation of their effects on lipid accumulation in C. cohnii (Table 1). Since GA was dissolved only in ethanol, while IAA, IBA, NAA, BNOA, 2,4-D, 2-chlorodracylicacid, KT, JA and EBR were dissolved only in DMSO, three controls were established: one with 0.1% DMSO (v/v), another with 0.1% ethanol (v/v), and the third with double-distilled water in same volume.…”

“…In addition to strain and process optimization to improve oil production, recent studies showed that a diverse of chemical molecules can be used to enhance lipid accumulation, including chemicals from auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, signal transducer, amine and some other chemical groups (Bose et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2012;Franz et al, 2013;Lian et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2013;Patel et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2015;Zou et al, 1995). For example, brefeldin A, a chemical inducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress, was found to trigger rapid formation of lipid droplets in two different microalgal species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris (Kim et al, 2013); and calliterpenone was found to enhance lipid production in cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (Patel et al, 2013).…”

“…To identify potential chemical modulators to enhance lipid accumulation in DHA-producing C. cohnii, in this study, selected chemicals from five chemical groups were first evaluated for their roles on lipid accumulation in different photosynthetic organisms (Bose et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2012;Franz et al, 2013;Lian et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2015;Zou et al, 1995). In addition, the possible synergistic effects for combinations of the effective chemicals were also investigated.…”