Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Actinomycin D on the Formation and Distribution of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in Barley Aleurone Cells

Vigil, Eugene L.; Ruddat, Manfred

doi:10.1104/pp.51.3.549

Cited by 78 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We found no evidence for the disappearance of ER following heat stress. When ER was estimated from the (12) has been reported in barley aleurone following treatment with GA3 (10,20,21,26). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Shock Inhibits α-Amylase Synthesis in Barley Aleurone without Inhibiting the Activity of Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker Enzymes

Sticher

Biswas²,

Bush³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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The effects of heat shock on the synthesis of a-amylase and on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone were studied. Heat shock, imposed by raising the temperature of incubation from 250C to 400C for 3 hours, inhibits the accumulation of a-amylase and other proteins in the incubation medium of barley aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid and Ca2 . When ER is isolated from heat-shocked aleurone layers, less newly synthesized a-amylase is found associated with this membrane system. ER membranes, as indicated by the activities of NADH cytochrome c reductase and ATPdependent Ca2+ transport, are not destroyed by heat stress, however. Although heat shock did not reduce the activity of ER membrane marker enzymes, it altered the buoyant density of these membranes. Whereas ER from control tissue showed a peak of marker enzyme activity at 27% to 28% sucrose (1.113-1.120 grams per cubic centimeter), ER from heat-shocked tissue peaked at 30% to 32% sucrose (1.127-1.137 grams per cubic centimeter). The synthesis of a group of proteins designated as heat-shock proteins (HSPs) was stimulated by heat shock. These HSPs were localized to different compartments of the aleurone cell. Several proteins ranging from 15 to 30 kilodaltons were found in the ER and the mitochondrial/plasma membrane fractions of heat-shocked cells, but none of the HSPs accumulated in the incubation medium of heat-shocked aleurone layers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Shock Inhibits α-Amylase Synthesis in Barley Aleurone without Inhibiting the Activity of Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker Enzymes

Sticher

Biswas²,

Bush³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…The embryo secretes gibberellin (13,34,44), and it has been shown that exogeneously applied gibberellic acid causes considerable ultrastructural changes in aleurone cells (32,33). This discovery led to a large number of investigations concerning the mode of action of gibberellic acid on isolated aleurone layers, and the capability of aleurone cells to produce enzymes necessary for the degradation of the endosperm in the seed is now well established (5,15,17,19,20,21,23,39,40). Other studies have, however, shown that also the scutellum secretes enzymes (2,3,4,6,11,12,24,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

Gram

1982

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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The ultr~tstructure of the scutellum and the aleurone layer has been examined in seeds of Nordal barley following malting for 0, 30, 72, 120 and 162 hours at 15 ~ Thick sections from the seeds were stained with Calcofluor White M2R New and examined in the light microscope to determine the extent of cell wall degradation in the endosperm.The changes in the scutellar parenchyma cells include degradation of the protein bodies and the appearance of vacuoles and prominent amyloplasts. The analysis of a serially sectioned epithelial cell from the scutellum 72 hours after the start of malting revealed a large number of Golgi apparatuses, preferentially located near the cell wall. It is suggew that the presence and location of the Golgi apparatuses are related to enzyme secretion. Following malting for 72 hours or more, the epithelial cells contain lomasomes and membrane aggregates, termed membrane bodies. The analysis indicated that lomasomes originate from the membrane bodies and are involved in the growth of the cell walls of the epithelium. Organelles indicating cellular activity, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatuses, first appear in the epithelial cells of the scutellum, and later in the cells of the aleurone layer. Furthermore, the degradation of the endosperm starts in the vicinity of the scutellum as judged by the ca|cofiuor staining. Therefore, it is concluded that the scuteltar epithelium provides the enzymes during the initial degradation of the endosperm. In seeds malted for 162 hours, aleurone ceils with a cytoplasmic organisation indicative of active metabolism are located in the embryo part of the seed, whereas aleurone ceils adjacent to unmodified endosperm in the distal end of the same seed show little or no structural sign of activity.

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“…Vigil and Ruddat (1973) found a 63 % inhibition of the discharge of a-amylase from barley aleurone by actinomycin D while there was only a 45 % inhibition of its synthesis. Furthermore, they found during the germination of these seeds, that there was an extremely active rER with numerous associated polysomes.…”

Section: Discussion (1) General Aspects Of the Discharge Of Secretionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Chrispeels (1972) found that neither affects the release of a-amylase by isolated barley aleufone cells or the incorporation of hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glyco-proteins into the wall of phloem-parenchyma cells in carrot root disc culture. The release of a-amylase in barley aleurone tissue apparently involves the fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles with the plasmalemma and is inhibited by inhibitors of protein synthesis (Vigil and Ruddat, 1973). The effect of these drugs on Dionaea is investigated here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE SECRETORY CYCLE OF DIONAEA MUSCIPULA ELLIS

Robins

Juniper²

1980

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYAutoradiography has been used to track the path of secretion in the digestive glands of Dionaea muscipula. Neither the dictyosomes nor dictyosomal vesicles appear to be involved, but radiolabel is lost rapidly from the endoplasmic reticulum and small osmiophilic vacuoles directly into the cell wall. Radiolabel is subsequently lost from the large osniiophilic vacuoles and accumulates in the small vacuoles. The effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B are complex. Both decrease the enzymatic activity of the secretion, but not the protein content, suggesting effects on the synthesis and discharge of secretion not directed against micro tubules or microfilaments. It is proposed that the discharge of secretion occurs by direct fusion of ER to the plasmalemma or via vesicles and vacuoles derived from the ER.

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Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Actinomycin D on the Formation and Distribution of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in Barley Aleurone Cells

Cited by 78 publications

References 25 publications

Heat Shock Inhibits α-Amylase Synthesis in Barley Aleurone without Inhibiting the Activity of Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker Enzymes

Heat Shock Inhibits α-Amylase Synthesis in Barley Aleurone without Inhibiting the Activity of Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker Enzymes

The ultrastructure of germinating barley seeds. I. Changes in the scutellum and the aleurone layer in Nordal barley

THE SECRETORY CYCLE OF DIONAEA MUSCIPULA ELLIS

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