Effect of Germinated Pigmented Rice “Superjami” on the Glucose Level, Antioxidant Defense System, and Bone Metabolism in Menopausal Rat Model

Abstract

Women experience physical, mental, and social changes during menopause. It is important to maintain a healthy diet for effective menopause management. The effect of germinated Superjami, a deep violet colored rice cultivar, on the body weight, glucose level, antioxidant defense system, and bone metabolism in a menopausal rat model was investigated. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), a control diet supplemented with 20% (w/w) non-germinated Superjami flour (NGSF), or germinated Superjami flour (GSF) for eight weeks. The NGSF and GSF groups exhibited significantly lower body weight and fat, glucose and insulin contents, adipokine concentrations, and bone resorption biomarker levels, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and 17-β-estradiol content than the ND group (p < 0.05). The GSF group showed greater glucose homeostasis, antioxidative, and bone metabolism-improving effects compared with the NGSF group. These findings demonstrate that germination could further improve the health-promoting properties of Superjami and that this germinated pigmented rice cultivar could be useful in the treatment and management of menopause-induced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and bone turnover imbalance.

Phytochemical and bioactivity investigation of Thai pigmented-upland rice: Dam-Mong and Ma-led-Fy varieties

“…MFE produced strong and comparable inhibitory effect as the positive control Acarbose with an IC 50 value of 0.70 ± 0.02 mg/mL versus 0.62 ± 0.01mg/mL, respectively, whereas DME had slightly a greater IC 50 value of 1.00 ± 0.02 mg/ mL (Table 2). This finding was in accordance with the reports on the anti-diabetic potential of purple and red rice extracts (Boue et al, 2016) and the enhancing effect on glucose metabolism of germinated pigmented rice (Chung et al, 2019) that suggested the potential of both rice extracts for diabetic patients. However, further studies are required on the effects of the current two rice extracts on glucose metabolism in animals based on clinical trials.…”

The Effect of Brown Rice on Superoxide Dismutase Level and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in an Sprague–Dawley Rat Model of High-fat High-fructose Diet-induced Obesity

“…Some other studies that demonstrated increased SOD levels are research conducted by Soo et al, in which white Sprague-Dawley rats given brown rice for 8 weeks with an average rice intake of 4.4 g/day had higher SOD levels compared to rats given a normal diet with an average difference in SOD levels as much as 2.81 U/ml [32]. Another study conducted by Jung et al demonstrated that there were higher differences in the SOD levels as much as 2.15 U/ml in white Sprague-Dawley rats with an average brown rice intake of 5.2 g/day compared to rats that only consumed white rice for 6 weeks of treatment [33].…”

Bioactive Compounds and Quality Evaluation of Red-Pigmented Rice Processed by Germination and Roasting

“…Germinated brown rice (GBR) has recently gained popularity in Asia. Germinated rice contains higher quantities of phytochemicals, including GABA, tocopherol, 𝛾-oryzanol, and phenolic compounds than non-germinated rice [ 10 , 11 ]. Germinated grain products have been used as new ingredients in the food industry for improving flavor, taste, mineral absorption, and nutritional value.…”