Effect of genotype on chromosome variation in tissue culture of inbred and outbred rye

Abstract

To examine the effect of genotype on the nature of the cytological variation induced in culture, plants were regenerated from cultured immature embryos of six genotypes (lines A-F) of rye (Secale cereale L.). The variation observed differed among the six lines and was generally consistent with the donors. Regenerants of line A were consistent with the donor, cv. Ailés, in that chromosome translocations appeared at high frequencies. No structural or numerical variation was observed in the B chromosomes of line B. Two of the four inbred lines studied were very stable in culture. Inbred line D was also stable except for a translocation in the regenerants. In inbred line F, variation was observed in the donors and the regenerants. An examination of chiasma frequency and distribution indicated that the regenerated plants generally had higher chiasma frequencies and more distally localized chiasmata than the donors. Line F was exceptional in that the regenerants had more interstitial chiasmata. The elevation in chiasma frequency was not as great, or statistically as significant, as the change in distribution. These results provide further evidence that the nature of cytological variation observed in regenerated plants is genotype-dependent and that, in addition to numerical and structural chromosome variation, shifts in chiasma frequency and distribution, and therefore in genetic recombination, can occur as a result of somaclonal variation.

Analysis of Genetic Variability in Long-term Callus Cultures and Regenerated Plants of Maize.

“…The frequency of chromosomal changes is affected by different aspects of tissue culture, such as species (Bayliss 1973, Novak 1981, Kirti et al 1991, Linacero et al 1992a, b, Kidwell et al 1993, genotype (Li et al 1989, Amberger et al 1992, Cheng et al 1992, Thorn 1992, Molina et al 1992, Puolimatka et al 1993, culture medium (Wilkinson et al 1987, Amberger et al 1992, Linacero et al 1992a, b, Ghaemi et al 1993, genotype-culture medium interaction (Wilkinson et al 1987), the origin of meristematic organised growth from disorganised growth and the time spent in this state (Rhodes et al 1986, Lee et al 1987, Qureshi et al 1992, Karp 1995 and the concentration and type of plant growth regulators (Bai and Knott 1993).…”

Does 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induce genotoxic effects in tissue cultured Allium roots?

“…It is known that changes in DNA can occur during in vitro culture (Cecchini et al 1992;Zheng 1991;Puolimatka and Karp 1993).…”

Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea)

“…Numerical and structural chromosome variation can be induced in tissue cultures of rye (Secale cereale L.) and the cytological variation is genotype dependent (Puolimatka and Karp 1993). In this study, the constant C-banding karyotype observed in all plants regenerated from the same Genome Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by University of Waterloo on 11/18/14…”