Effect of general anesthesia and controlled mechanical ventilation on pulmonary ventilation distribution assessed by electrical impedance tomography in healthy children

Abstract

Introduction General anesthesia is associated with the development of atelectasis, which may affect lung ventilation. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging tool that allows monitoring in real time the topographical changes in aeration and ventilation. Objective To evaluate the pattern of distribution of pulmonary ventilation through EIT before and after anesthesia induction in pediatric patients without lung disease undergoing nonthoracic surgery. Methods This was a prospective observational study including healthy children younger than 5 years who underwent nonthoracic surgery. Monitoring was performed continuously before and throughout the surgical period. Data analysis was divided into 5 periods: induction (spontaneous breathing, SB), ventilation-5min, ventilation-30min, ventilation-late and recovery-SB. In addition to demographic data, mechanical ventilation parameters were also collected. Ventilation impedance (Delta Z) and pulmonary ventilation distribution were analyzed cycle by cycle at the 5 periods. Results Twenty patients were included, and redistribution of ventilation from the posterior to the anterior region was observed with the beginning of mechanical ventilation: on average, the percentage ventilation distribution in the dorsal region decreased from 54%(IC95%:49–60%) to 49%(IC95%:44–54%). With the restoration of spontaneous breathing, ventilation in the posterior region was restored. Conclusion There were significant pulmonary changes observed during anesthesia and controlled mechanical ventilation in children younger than 5 years, mirroring the findings previously described adults. Monitoring these changes may contribute to guiding the individualized settings of the mechanical ventilator with the goal to prevent postoperative complications.

Effect of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure based on electrical impedance tomography guidance on pulmonary ventilation distribution in patients who receive abdominal thermal perfusion chemotherapy

“…In some previous studies ( 29–31 ), the investigators also titrated PEEP with EIT, and the results were clinically significant, but it was not used in the previous report to apply it to longer procedures for comparison. In this study, titration was performed using the stable EIT-EELI method.…”