Effect of gemini surfactant additives on pour point depressant of crude oil

Ahmed, Sahar M.; Khidr, T. T.; Ismail, Dina A.

doi:10.1080/01932691.2017.1385483

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This can lead to the prevention of wax agglomeration and deposition [83,84]. Attributed to the molecular structural factor, these surfactants were reported to perform the best with longer chain esters in reducing the pour point and surface tension, altering the morphology as well as reducing co-crystallization [85][86][87].…”

Section: Wax Dispersantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When crude oil is extracted out of a subterranean reservoir at high temperature and pressure, it is usually transported via a pipeline, where the crude oil experiences radical changes in its physical and chemical properties, instigating numerous complications. Among the various flow assurance problems, wax deposition and build up are among the most commonly found. However, the accurate mechanism of wax deposition is still unclear and is widely debated among researchers. The mechanism under multiphase conditions is also an ambiguity. This review covers the six wax deposition mechanisms, the challenges in multiphase flow conditions, the latest types of chemical inhibitor, and a summary of factors governing chemical inhibitor performance.

show abstract

Section: Wax Dispersantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are several types of improvers for improving crude oil flow. Among them, there are improvers based on surface active agents [7] [8]. These improvers employ the adsorption mechanism of wax crystal surfaces such as petroleum sulfonate, polyoxyethylene, and alkylamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel allyl-ester-based polymers as flow improvers for waxy crude oil

Ashmawy

Elnaggar

Mohamed

et al. 2021

CI&CEQ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The deposition of paraffin wax from crude oil at low temperatures due to wax deposition, high pour point, high viscosity, and weak flow capability is among the critical and persisting challenges faced by the petroleum industry. In this study, a new para-decyloxy allyl benzoate (I10) was prepared, polymerized into HI10, and copolymerized with dioctadecyl maleate into MHI10 via the free-radical polymerization method employing azobisisobutyronitrile and toluene as the initiator and solvent, respectively. The prepared monomer was characterized by spectroscopic analyses (Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR)) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Further, the polymers were characterized by FT-IR, and their average molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The prepared compounds were taken in different concentrations and then tested as flow improvers of Qarun waxy crude oil using pour point depression and rheological parameters. The results of this test indicated that MHI10 exerted the highest effect on pour point reduction and the rheological parameters (yield value and apparent viscosity). Moreover, an increase in the efficiency of the additives was observed after increasing their concentration from 1000 to 5000 ppm.

show abstract

“…As it is the most effective and economical use for the industry, by the introduction of chemical additives, such as PPDs, cold flow (CF) enhancements, paraffin inhibitors (PIs) or wax crystal modifiers (WCMs) [12,13]. Examples of PPD compounds are: olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer (MAC), polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and diethanolamine (DEA) [14,15], comb polymer (maleic anhydride copolymer (MAC) and polyacrylate/methacrylate (PA or PMA) ester polymers) [16], nonionic [17] and cationic gemini surfactants [18]. Gemini surfactants (GSs) are known as novel wax inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surfactants can decrease the growth of WCs in diesel oils, but their abilities in waxy and heavy crude oils have only recently been explored. [16,18,19]. GS comprises more than one polar hydrophilic head and hydrophobic long chain tails that are chemically bound together with the spacer [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes (GS) more effective than other traditional surfactants. Its improved surface characteristics (to minimize surface tension) and lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) have gained increasing interest among academics and industrial practitioners.. Ahmed et al (2018) [18] therefore proposed that the along alkyl chain performed a crucial element in affecting the depression of PP. In specifically, the surface properties relations, especially the interfacial tension (IFT) of the GS, the side chain length, and their effectiveness in the depression of PP, had been evaluated [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies of synthesized nonionic gemini based on sulfonamide moiety as flow enhancing additive of waxy crude oil

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most severe and long term issues in the petroleum industry is paraffin wax deposit of crude oil at low temperatures. The use of pour point depressants (PPD) has proven to be an effective method for preventing wax deposition. In this research, the synthesized nonionic gemini surfactant (NGS) is utilized as a PPD additive. The surface parameters of the NGS were assessed as the interfacial tension (IFT). The effectiveness of this additive as a PPD on the cold-flow properties of crude oil was investigated. Additionally, the commercial additive (CA) only and combined with NGS via varying ratio was properly evaluated as good PPD. The pour point (PP) measurements exhibit a significant decrease in the PP temperature, based on the particular ratio of NGS to CA and the different concentrations of additives in the crude oil sample. The additive (1mol NGS: 1mol CA) lowers pour point crude oil sample to a significant degree. At various temperatures below, high and equal to PP temperature, the shear rate-shear stress and shear rate-viscosity were estimated. The wax morphology has been observed to be substantially changed to fine, scattered crystals of a compact shape by the photomicrographic examination.

show abstract

Effect of gemini surfactant additives on pour point depressant of crude oil

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

Novel allyl-ester-based polymers as flow improvers for waxy crude oil

Studies of synthesized nonionic gemini based on sulfonamide moiety as flow enhancing additive of waxy crude oil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About