Effect of Gelation Temperature on the Molecular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of the Curdlan Matrix: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Analyses

Gieroba, Barbara; Sroka-Bartnicka, Anna; Kazimierczak, Paulina; Kalisz, Grzegorz; Pieta, Izabela S.; Nowakowski, Robert; Pisarek, Marcin; Przekora, Agata

doi:10.3390/ijms21176154

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Table 1 and Table 2 contain a list of the most important bands in vibrational spectra, with corresponding assignments presented in Figure 1 A,B (ATR FT-IR spectra, Table 1 ) and Figure 1 C,D (Raman spectra, Table 2 ) [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Both ATR FT-IR and Raman spectra of the individual components, chitosan and 1,3-β- d -glucan ( Figure 1 A,C, respectively), allow for the unambiguous identification of these compounds and are consistent with the literature data [ 11 , 18 ]. Spectroscopic investigation of multicomponent materials, where many covalent and ionic bonds are formed between and within the individual components, is a little more complex and often not obvious.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Although the use of vibrational spectroscopy to characterize chitosan [ 10 ] and 1,3-β- d -glucan-based materials [ 11 ] is not a new approach, the novelty of this examination is the intensive analysis of the spectra obtained in terms of attempting to quantify the data to provide a material’s surface chemical composition depending on the gelation temperature of the hybrid chitosan/1,3-β- d -glucan films. Thus far, mixed chitosan/1,3-β- d -glucan was checked for antimicrobial properties [ 52 ], cell adhesion, growth and proliferation [ 53 ], wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice [ 54 ], and its impact on body weight and composition [ 55 ], but the molecular order, surface properties and functional groups involved in the formation of such matrices have not yet been studied in such depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our purpose was to check how these two polysaccharide components combine with each other at this gelation temperature. Although the use of vibrational spectroscopy to characterize chitosan [ 10 ] and 1,3-β- d -glucan-based materials [ 11 ] is not a new approach, the novelty of this examination is the intensive analysis of the spectra obtained in terms of attempting to quantify the data to provide the materials’ surface chemical composition depending on the gelation temperature of hybrid chitosan/1,3-β- d -glucan films. These studies are also an extension of our previous research on chitosan/1,3-β- d -glucan films cross-linked at lower, intermediate temperatures (70 °C and 80 °C), where we found a hybrid nature of polymeric matrices and stronger interactions at 80 °C [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Chemical and Morphological Analysis of Chitosan/1,3-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Films Cross-Linked at 90 °C

Gieroba

Sroka-Bartnicka

Kazimierczak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The cross-linking temperature of polymers may affect the surface characteristics and molecular arrangement, which are responsible for their mechanical and physico-chemical properties. The aim of this research was to determine and explain in detail the mechanism of unit interlinkage of two-component chitosan/1,3-β-d-glucan matrices gelled at 90 °C. This required identifying functional groups interacting with each other and assessing surface topography providing material chemical composition. For this purpose, various spectroscopic and microscopic approaches, such as attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were applied. The results indicate the involvement mainly of the C-C and C-H groups and C=O⋯HN moieties in the process of biomaterial polymerization. Strong chemical interactions and ionocovalent bonds between the N-glucosamine moieties of chitosan and 1,3-β-d-glucan units were demonstrated, which was also reflected in the uniform surface of the sample without segregation. These unique properties, hybrid character and proper cell response may imply the potential application of studied biomaterial as biocompatible scaffolds used in regenerative medicine, especially in bone restoration and/or wound healing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Chemical and Morphological Analysis of Chitosan/1,3-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Films Cross-Linked at 90 °C

Gieroba

Sroka-Bartnicka

Kazimierczak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Additional bands of great importance are 1096 cm −1 and 1126 cm −1 , which come from branched chains of 1,3-β-D-glucan and 1,3-β-D-glucan and/or N -acetylglucosamine, respectively. These compounds constitute the building blocks of chitin and glucagon—polysaccharides that create most of the cell wall [ 36 , 48 ]. This was also proved by Noothalapati et al, who performed a spectral investigation of a distinct region of fungal cells—cytoplasm, cell wall, and lipid droplets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS-PLSR Analysis of Vaginal Microflora: Towards the Spectral Library of Microorganisms

Berus

Adamczyk-Popławska

Goździk

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The accurate identification of microorganisms belonging to vaginal microflora is crucial for establishing which microorganisms are responsible for microbial shifting from beneficial symbiotic to pathogenic bacteria and understanding pathogenesis leading to vaginosis and vaginal infections. In this study, we involved the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique to compile the spectral signatures of the most significant microorganisms being part of the natural vaginal microbiota and some vaginal pathogens. Obtained data will supply our still developing spectral SERS database of microorganisms. The SERS results were assisted by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), which visually discloses some dependencies between spectral images and hence their biochemical compositions of the outer structure. In our work, we focused on the most common and typical of the reproductive system microorganisms (Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.) and vaginal pathogens: bacteria (e.g., Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae), fungi (e.g., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata), and protozoa (Trichomonas vaginalis). The obtained results proved that each microorganism has its unique spectral fingerprint that differentiates it from the rest. Moreover, the discrimination was obtained at a high level of explained information by subsequent factors, e.g., in the inter-species distinction of Candida spp. the first three factors explain 98% of the variance in block Y with 95% of data within the X matrix, while in differentiation between Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. (natural flora) and pathogen (e.g., Candida glabrata) the information is explained at the level of 45% of the Y matrix with 94% of original data. PLSR gave us insight into discriminating variables based on which the marker bands representing specific compounds in the outer structure of microorganisms were found: for Lactobacillus spp. 1400 cm−1, for fungi 905 and 1209 cm−1, and for protozoa 805, 890, 1062, 1185, 1300, 1555, and 1610 cm−1. Then, they can be used as significant marker bands in the analysis of clinical subjects, e.g., vaginal swabs.

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“…There is a range of structural variations within the class of β-(1,3)-glucans polysaccharides (35). Curdlan falls into the category of neutral gel having β-(1→ 3)-glycosidic linkage or may also contain few inter-and intra-chain (1→ 6)-linkages, which contain almost 10% succinate known as succinoglycan (36). Curdlan is produced in three different structural forms by the bacterial species (28).…”

Section: Chemical Structures/formulas Of Curdlan Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Industrial Applications of Curdlan With Overview on Its Recent Patents

et al. 2021

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Curdlan is an exopolysaccharide, which is composed of glucose linked with β-(1,3)-glycosidic bond and is produced by bacteria, such as Alcaligenes spp., Agrobacterium spp., Paenibacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida spp., and fungal sources like Aureobasidium pullulan, Poria cocos, etc. Curdlan has been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its prebiotic, viscosifying, and water-holding properties for decades. Recently, the usefulness of curdlan has been further explored by the pharmaceutical industry for its potential therapeutic applications. Curdlan has exhibited immunoregulatory and antitumor activity in preclinical settings. It was observed that curdlan can prevent the proliferation of malarial merozoites in vivo; therefore, it may be considered as a promising therapy for the treatment of end-stage malaria. In addition, curdlan has demonstrated potent antiviral effects against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Aedes aegypti virus. It has been suggested that the virucidal properties of curdlans should be extended further for other deadly viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). The prebiotic property of curdlan would confer beneficial effects on the host by promoting the growth of healthy microbiota in the gut and consequently help to reduce gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, curdlan can be employed in the manufacture of prebiotics for the management of various gastrointestinal dysbiosis problems. Studies on the mechanism of action of curdlan-induced suppression in microbial and tumor cells at the cellular and molecular levels would not only enhance our understanding regarding the therapeutic effectiveness of curdlan but also help in the discovery of new drugs and dietary supplements. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the therapeutic interventions of curdlan as an anticancer, anti-malaria, antiviral, and antibacterial agent in humans. In addition, our review provides the latest information about the chemistry and biosynthesis of curdlan and its applications for making novel dairy products, functional foods, and nutraceuticals and also details about the recent patents of curdlan and its derivatives.

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Effect of Gelation Temperature on the Molecular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of the Curdlan Matrix: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Analyses

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Surface Chemical and Morphological Analysis of Chitosan/1,3-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Films Cross-Linked at 90 °C

Surface Chemical and Morphological Analysis of Chitosan/1,3-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Films Cross-Linked at 90 °C

SERS-PLSR Analysis of Vaginal Microflora: Towards the Spectral Library of Microorganisms

Therapeutic and Industrial Applications of Curdlan With Overview on Its Recent Patents

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