Effect of Gaseous Phase on Water-Stable Synthetic Aggregates

Mazurak, A. P.

doi:10.1097/00010694-195002000-00005

Cited by 101 publications

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“…Dry seed tissue (5) as well as dry nonbiological materials (12) contain adsorbed atmospheric gases. The adsorbed molecules have a reduced volume as a consequence of their association with the solid phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that this ballooning effect seen during imbibition could contribute to the damage commonly experienced by rapidly imbibed seed such as the cracking of cotyledons and embryonic axes (4,13,22). (Mazurak [12] has shown that wetting of dry soil particles causes an explosive desorption of gases leading to disintegration of the soil aggregates.) It seems particularly significant that humidifying seed increases the amount of initial water inrush but decreases the amount of cotyledonary cracking as well as vigor losses normally associated with rapid imbibition (3, 16, 21, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient Changes During Soybean Imbibition

Parrish

Leopold²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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The imbibition of water converts the seed from a quiescent body with very low respiratory rate into a dynamic organism, active in respiration, in biosynthesis, and capable of growth (11). Shull (24) found that imbibition by peas occurs at a fairly steady rate for 5 to 8 hr, at which time water uptake is complete. Simon (25) has pointed out that the dry seed should be expected to have porous membranes due to the absence of sufficient water to maintain a hydrophilic/hydrophobic orientation of the lipids in membranes, and he presented evidence of a rapid leakage of solutes out of pea seeds during the first 10 min of imbibition, presumably because of the poor structural arrangement of membranes.The present experiments will attempt to describe some kinetic activities during imbibition as they may relate to membrane rearrangement and other physical changes during the initial wetting of the seed. MATERIALS AND METHODSCertified 1975 seed of "Wayne" soybean (Glycine max Merr.) were used. Moisture content, determined by drying at 100 C for 24 hr, was 7 to 8%. Most experiments were done using individual cotyledons isolated from dry seed. To determine the time course of imbibition of water, air dry cotyledons were weighed, placed in distilled H20 for a time, removed, blotted, weighed, and returned to the distilled H2O.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Changes During Soybean Imbibition

Parrish

Leopold²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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“…The soil retained on each sieve was transferred to vials with the aid of water jets and was subsequently placed into an oven at 105 ºC, being then weighed, thus indicating the distribution of aggregates retained on each sieve differentiated diameter. From the results obtained the mean geometric diameter (MGD) was calculated and used as an index of stability, according to MAZURACK (1950).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil CO2 emission as related to incorporation of sugarcane crop residues and aggregate breaking after rotary tiller

et al. 2011

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Soil tillage is a process that accelerates soil organic matter decomposition transferring carbon to atmosphere, mainly in the CO 2 form. In this study, the effect of rotary tillage on soil CO 2 emission was investigated, including the presence of crop residues on the surface.Emissions were evaluated during 15 days after tillage in 3 plots: 1) non-tilled and without crop residues on soil surface (NTwo), 2) rotary tiller without the presence of crop residues on soil surface (RTwo), and 3) rotary tiller with the presence of crop residues in soil surface (RTw). Emissions from the RTw plot were higher than the other plots, (0.777 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ), with the lowest emissions recorded in the NTwo plot (0.414 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ). Total emission indicates that the difference of C-CO 2 emitted to atmosphere corresponds to 3% of the total additional carbon in the crop residues in the RTw plot compared to RTwo. The increase in the RTwo emission in comparison to NTwo was followed by changes in the aggregate size distribution, especially those with average diameter lower than 2 mm. The increase in emission from the RTw plot in relation to RTwo was related to a decrease in crop residue mass on the surface, and its higher fragmentation and incorporation in soil. When the linear correlation between soil CO 2 emission, and soil temperature and soil moisture is considered, only the RTw treatment showed significant correlation (p<0.05) with soil moisture.KEYWORDS: soil respiration, soil tillage, carbon dioxide, temporal variability of soil CO 2 emission. EMISSÃO DE CO 2 DO SOLO EM FUNÇÃO DA INCORPORAÇÃO DE PALHA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR E QUEBRA DE AGREGADOS APÓS PREPARO COM ENXADA ROTATIVARESUMO: O preparo do solo é um dos processos que aceleram a decomposição da matéria orgânica, transferindo carbono para atmosfera, principalmente na forma de CO 2 . Neste trabalho, investigou-se o efeito do preparo com enxada rotativa sobre as emissões de CO 2 do solo durante 02 semanas após o preparo do solo, incluindo-se a presença de resíduos vegetais sobre a superfície. As emissões foram avaliadas por 15 dias após preparo em 3 parcelas: 1) sem preparo e sem palha superficial (SPs); 2) preparo com enxada rotativa sem a presença de palha na superfície (ERs), e 3) preparo com enxada rotativa com a presença de palha superficial (ERc). As emissões provenientes da ERc foram superiores às demais (0,777 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ), sendo as menores emissões registradas na parcela SPs (0,414 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 ). As emissões totais indicaram que a diferença de C-CO 2 emitida à atmosfera corresponde a 3% do total de carbono adicional presente na palha, na parcela ERc, quando comparado à parcela ERs. O aumento da emissão da parcela SPs para ERs foi acompanhado de uma modificação na distribuição do tamanho de agregados, especialmente aqueles com diâmetro médio inferior a 2 mm. O aumento da emissão da parcela ERs para ERc esteve relacionado a uma diminuição da massa de palha na superfície, com fragmentação e incorporação da mesma no interior do solo. Quando se an...

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“…A precipitação média anual é de 1.344 mm, com estação seca bem definida nos meses de maio a setembro. A temperatura média anual é de 20,7ºC, umidade relativa média de 60% e altitude média de 900 m (MENEGASSE et al, 2002).…”

Section: Materials E Métodos Descrição Da áRea Experimentalunclassified

“…A densidade de partículas foi determinada pelo método do picnômetro (EMBRAPA, 2011). A estabilidade de agregados foi determinada por peneiramento úmido (MAZURAK, 1950) e expressa pelo índice: diâmetro médio geométrico. A matéria orgânica do solo foi determinada de acordo com Embrapa (2009).…”

Section: = 4 σ Cosθ/ψmunclassified

Estrutura De Solos Em Manejo Conservacionista: Diagnóstico Visual, Laboratorial, Caracterização E Inter-Relações

Silva

Carducci

Oliveira³

et al. 2017

RSA

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Resumo -A análise visual da estrutura do solo pode ser uma ferramenta útil e prática no monitoramento da condição física do solo em sistemas de manejo conservacionista. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre o diagnóstico visual e laboratorial da estrutura do solo, em sistema de manejo conservacionista. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial duplo, sendo os fatores as classes de solos (CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO, LATOSSOLO VERMELHO e NITOSSOLO HÁPLICO), avaliadas em diferentes profundidades (amontoa [-0,05-0,15 m]; 0,05-0,15 m; 0,25-0,35 m; e 0,45-0,55 m), em triplicata. A avaliação se apoiou na aparência visual da estrutura dos solos após 5 anos da implantação de um sistema de manejo conservacionista, sendo avaliadas a resistência, consistência, porosidade e presença de raízes nas unidades estruturais dos solos, categorizados, segundo a carta padrão, por 5 escores visuais (Ev) utilizados na classificação da qualidade da estrutura, variando de Ev =1 (melhor qualidade) a Ev =5 (pior qualidade). Os atributos físicos do solo (macroporosidade, microporosidade, distribuição de poros por tamanho e densidade do solo), foram determinados em amostras indeformadas submetidas aos potenciais matriciais de -2, -4, -6, -10 kPa nas unidades de sucção, e -33, -100, -500, -1500 kPa nas câmaras de Richards. A agregação foi avaliada pelo diâmetro médio geométrico. Nas profundidades de 0,25-0,35 m e 0,45-0,55 m, o Latossolo apresentou Ev menor quando comparado ao Nitossolo e Cambissolo, indicando sua melhor condição estrutural nestas profundidades. O aumento dos Ev está relacionado à perda da porosidade estrutural (interagregados) e incremento da porosidade textural (intraagregados). A análise de componentes principais demonstrou que a quantificação dos atributos densidade do solo, microporosidade, teor de silte e poros da classe de diâmetro < 0,6 µm contribuíram para justificar o aumento do Ev.Palavras-chave -análise visual, atributos físicos, manejo do solo.Abstract -The visual analysis of soil structure can be a useful and practical tool for monitoring soil physical condition in conservation management systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between visual and laboratorial diagnosis of soil structure, in a conservation management system. We utilized completely randomized experimental design in a factorial double was used, the factors being soil classes (Haplic Cambisol, Red Latosol and Haplic Nitosol), evaluated at different depths (pille [-0.05-0.15 m]; 0.05-0.15 m; 0.25-0.35 m and 0.45-0.55 m) in triplicate. The evaluation was based on the visual appearance of the structure of the soil after five years of implementation of a management system considered conservationist, being analyzed resistance, consistency, porosity and presence of roots in the structural units of the soils, categorized by five visual scores (Ev) used in quality grading structure, ranging from Ev = 1 (best quality) at Ev = 5 (worst quality). In order to evaluate the ...

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Effect of Gaseous Phase on Water-Stable Synthetic Aggregates

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Transient Changes During Soybean Imbibition

Transient Changes During Soybean Imbibition

Soil CO2 emission as related to incorporation of sugarcane crop residues and aggregate breaking after rotary tiller

Estrutura De Solos Em Manejo Conservacionista: Diagnóstico Visual, Laboratorial, Caracterização E Inter-Relações

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