Effect of gaseous hydrochloric acid on human and bovine enamel

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the action of gaseous hydrochloric acid on human and bovine enamel and compare the demineralization pattern of these substrates exposed to the gaseous erosive agent. Methods: Eight bovine enamel and eight human enamel specimens were obtained (4 × 4 × 2 mm), half surface was protected with composite resin and the other half was exposed to gaseous hydrochloric acid (gHCl), pH 2 at 37 °C, for 3 min, 8 times a day, for 12 days, and in intervals the specimens were maintained in artificial saliva. The specimens were analyzed according to wear profile, surface roughness and microhardness (before and after acid exposition). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Data showed no significant difference between bovine and human enamel for all properties analyzed – microhardness (98.1 ± 5.2, 96.9 ± 4.8), wear profile (11.5 ± 2.8, 11.4 ± 3.6) and roughness (2.6 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 0.3), respectively. In images, we observed that gHCl could cause enamel erosion in both groups. Conclusion: Gaseous hydrochloric acid causes similar enamel erosion on bovine and humans.

Effect of natural agents on the bond strength to eroded dentin

“…21 Similarly, in our current study, eroded dentin showed an enhanced removal of the smear layer and dentinal tubules with a larger diameter in contrast to sound dentin, thereby favoring the formation of longer resin tags (Figure 3). Nonetheless, longer resin tags do not necessarily correlate with higher bond strength values for self-etch adhesive systems, as demonstrated by previous research 25 and confirmed in our study.…”

“…14,[19][20][21] However, a consensus on the optimal protocol to achieve a significant improvement in bond strength in eroded substrates is still lacking. [21][22][23][24][25] In recent years, natural alternatives have gained attention due to their renewability, cost-effectiveness, and minimal side effects. 19,20 These alternatives have shown promising results in preserving the adhesive interface in eroded dentin.…”

“…Several strategies have been proposed to enhance the longevity of adhesive restorations in eroded dentin, including the use of collagen cross‐linking agent, MMPs inhibitors and deproteinizing agents 14,19–21 . However, a consensus on the optimal protocol to achieve a significant improvement in bond strength in eroded substrates is still lacking 21–25 …”