Effect of Garcinia cambogia Administration on Female Reproductive Organs in Rats

Kiyose, Chikako; Kubo, Kazuhiro; Saito, Morio

doi:10.3164/jcbn.38.188

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In a continuation to the study conducted by Saito et al [ 26 ], Kiyose et al [ 27 ] investigated the cause of impaired spermatogenesis due to ingestion of G. cambogia powder (containing 41.2 wt% of (−)-HCA, the ratio of free to lactone form was 36.6 to 63.4) at 102 mmol/kg diet in young Fischer 344 male rats. By considering that 4,4-dimethyl-5 α -cholesta-8,24-diene-3 β -ol, a testis meiosis-activating sterole (T-MAS), was a specific intermediate product of cholesterol biosynthesis in testicular germ cells, the authors elucidated the relationship between impaired spermatogenesis and MAS production in rats testis, postingestion of G. cambogia .…”

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they indicated that Zucker rat may not be an appropriate model to evaluate testicular toxicity as obese male Zucker rat has a defect in testicular testosterone production [ 32 ]. The same question of whether the toxicity was possibly due to the atypical form of HCA containing 63% lactone could be applied on the study conducted by Kiyose et al [ 27 ]. Therefore, the claim of HCA in affecting the functionality of testis is yet to be concluded.…”

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In VitroandIn VivoToxicity ofGarciniaor Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review

Chuah¹,

Yeap

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Obesity is one of the pandemic chronic diseases commonly associated with health disorders such as heart attack, high blood pressure, diabetes or even cancer. Among the current natural products for obesity and weight control, Garcinia or more specifically hydroxycitric acid (HCA) extracted from Garcinia has been widely used. The evaluation of the potential toxicity of weight control supplement is of the utmost importance as it requires long term continuous consumption in order to maintain its effects. Majority of reports demonstrated the efficacy of Garcinia/HCA without any toxicity found. However, a few clinical toxicity reports on weight-loss diet supplements of which some were combinations that included Garcinia/HCA as an active ingredient showed potential toxicity towards spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, it cannot be concluded that Garcinia/HCA is unsafe. Those products which have been reported to possess adverse effects are either polyherbal or multi-component in nature. To date, there is no case study or report showing the direct adverse effect of HCA. The structure, mechanism of action, long history of the use of Garcinia/HCA and comprehensive scientific evidence had shown “no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)” at levels up to 2800 mg/day, suggesting its safety for use.

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Section: In Vitro and In Vivo mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo mentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroandIn VivoToxicity ofGarciniaor Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review

Chuah¹,

Yeap

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…This may reduce physical fatigue if energy deficiency is a cause of fatigue. Before hydroxycitric acid (HCA) was a promising anti-fatigue substance by inhibiting ATP citrate lyase with citric acid [ 9 ], but recently it was reported Garcinia cambogia containing HCA had reproductive toxicity [ 10 , 11 ], so citric acid is superior to HCA as an anti-fatigue substance in the respect of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Citric Acid and L-Carnitine on Physical Fatigue

Sugino

Aoyagi

Shirai

et al. 2007

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Summary We examined the effects of citric acid and L-carnitine administration on physical fatigue. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study, 18 healthy volunteers were randomized to oral citric acid (2,700 mg/day), L-carnitine (1,000 mg/day), or placebo for 8 days. The fatigue-inducing physical task consisted of workload trials on a cycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 2 h on 2 occasions. Before the physical load, salivary chromogranin A, measured as a physiological stress marker, was lower in the group given citric acid than in the group given placebo. Also, after the physical load, the subjective feeling of fatigue assessed with a visual analogue scale was lower in the citric acid group than in the placebo group. In contrast, L-carnitine had no effect on chromogranin A or subjective fatigue. These results suggest that citric acid reduces physiological stress and attenuates physical fatigue, whereas L-carnitine does not.

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“…Similar to the previous study , significant changes in serum hormone levels related to spermatogenesis (decrease in inhibin B and increase in FSH concentrations) were reported in HCA‐treated animals compared to the control group. When the same G. cambogia extract (HCA content 41.2%) was tested in female rats, no changes in sex hormones (FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone) and no morphological signs of toxicity in the follicle and corpus luteum were observed after feeding the animals a diet containing 154 mmol HCA/kg diet (a dose that induced marked testicular toxicity in the subchronic toxicity study ) for a period of 28 days .…”

Section: Hydroxycitric Acid (Hca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical compounds in sport nutrition: Synephrine and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as examples for evaluation of possible health risks

Bakhiya

Ziegenhagen

Hirsch‐Ernst

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Numerous food supplements contain phytochemical compounds as active ingredients. Although such supplements are often perceived by consumers as being risk‐free, the safety of many of them is currently uncertain. The present review provides two examples for risk assessment for phytochemical ingredients that are used in certain supplements marketed for sportspeople—synephrine (extracted from fruits of Citrus aurantium) and hydroxycitric acid (HCA, isolated from fruits of Garcinia cambogia). Animal and human studies, as well as case reports, provide evidence for cardiovascular effects due to ingestion of high synephrine doses, especially in combination with caffeine and physical exertion. A dose of up to 6.7 mg synephrine/day, however, which is equivalent to the median dietary intake from conventional foods in Germany, is presumed to represent a safe intake from supplements. In subchronic animal studies, administration of high doses of certain HCA‐containing preparations led to testicular toxicity (i.e., testicular atrophy and impaired spermatogenesis), yielding a no observed adverse effect level of 389 mg HCA/kg bw/day. In view of lack of adequate human data on the safety of HCA preparations, particularly with respect to the human male reproductive system, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the safety of supplements containing high amounts of HCA.

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Effect of Garcinia cambogia Administration on Female Reproductive Organs in Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

In VitroandIn VivoToxicity ofGarciniaor Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review

In VitroandIn VivoToxicity ofGarciniaor Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review

Effects of Citric Acid and L-Carnitine on Physical Fatigue

Phytochemical compounds in sport nutrition: Synephrine and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as examples for evaluation of possible health risks

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