Effect of Fuel Composition on Carbon Black Formation Pathways

Abstract

Differences in lamellae length, stacking, and particularly a difference in the core-to-shell radial structure are observed for carbon blacks produced using different feedstocks. Carbon black (CB) produced using a coal tar (CT) feedstock formed particles with amorphous cores exhibiting a sharp transition to extended lamellae oriented about the periphery of the particle. In contrast, the carbon black produced from fluidized catalytic cracker (FCC) decant oil as feedstock formed particles with a single nucleated core possess a rather uniform radial transition—reflecting the presence of ordered, concentric lamellae across most of the particle radius. Minimal disorder was observed in the core while the undulations in perimeter lamellae were fewer. Our interpretation for these structural dissimilarities is premised on differences in fuel composition, specifically component classes as found by saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene (SARA) analysis. These in turn lead to variation in the relative rates of particle nucleation and particle growth by pyrolysis products, moderated by temperature. Electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals radial variation in the sp2 content between the different feedstocks consistent with observed nanostructures. Collectively these results are interpreted in terms of an offset in nucleation and growth—dependent upon the relative contributions of feedstock aromatic content and pyrolysis processes to particle nucleation and growth. To further test the postulate of different formation conditions for the two carbon blacks pulsed laser annealing was applied. The high temperature heating accentuated the dissimilarities in nanostructure and chemistry—leading to stark dissimilarities. These differences were also manifested by comparing oxidative reactivity.

On Fractioning the Tire Pyrolysis Oil in a Pilot-Scale Distillation Plant under Industrially Relevant Conditions

“…Hence, their recovery from end-of-life products minimizes the reliance on non-renewable sources, providing a significant impetus to a circular economy. Furthermore, the heavier aromatic compounds contained in the TPO are potential feedstock for carbon black production. , Typical feedstocks used in this process come from fossil sources and have a very high concentration of aromatics, with a very high H/C ratio, such as coal tar and those derived from the bottoms of the SC and FCC processes. , Those feedstocks are frequently used by the furnace black process, which produces practically the entire world’s carbon black, and contributes around 60% of the total manufacturing cost . Additionally, it is worth mentioning that the global carbon demand for chemicals and derived materials is continuously growing, so the production of waste-based carbon commodities seems to be crucial.…”

Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation

“…Figure 4 a shows the ATR-FTIR spectra of GACNPs compared with those of gallic acid powder. The results reveal the distinguished chemical composition and functional group on the surface of GACNPs, which confirmed their formation after synthesis [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. The broad band at 3290 cm −1 was assigned to the stretching vibration of –OH.…”