Effect of Fructose on Body Weight in Controlled Feeding Trials

Sievenpiper, John L.; Souza, Russell J. de; Mirrahimi, Arash; Yu, Matthew E.; Carleton, Amanda J.; Beyene, Joseph; Chiavaroli, Laura; Buono, Marco Di; Jenkins, Alexandra L.; Leiter, Lawrence A.; Wolever, Thomas M. S.; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Jenkins, David

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00007

Cited by 262 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In contrast, results from clinical trials testing the effects of fructose and added sugar intake on risk of weight gain and hypertension have been inconsistent. Studies with longer duration have overall reported significant effects of sugar intake on cardiometabolic health (43)(44)(45)(46) . Several authors have recently proposed models to emphasize the capacity of fructose and fructose-derived sweeteners (sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup) to perturb cellular metabolism (47)(48)(49) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar consumption and global prevalence of obesity and hypertension: an ecological analysis

Siervo

Montagnese²,

Mathers

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

123

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Objective: The nutrition transition model provides an integrated approach to analyse global changes in food consumption and lifestyle patterns. Whether variability in food availability for consumption, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors is associated with the worldwide prevalence distribution of overweight, obesity and hypertension is unclear. Design: Ecological analysis. Setting: Country-specific prevalence estimates of overweight, obesity and hypertension were obtained. Prevalence estimates were then matched to yearand country-specific food and energy availability for consumption of cereals, sugar, sweeteners and honey, vegetable oils, fruits, starchy roots, pulses, total vegetables, alcoholic beverages, total meat, animal fat, eggs, milk, and fish and seafood. The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), urbanization rates and prevalence of physical inactivity for each country were also obtained. Subjects: The overweight, obesity and hypertension databases included information from 128, 123 and seventy-nine countries, respectively. Results: Consumption of sugar and animal products were directly associated with GDP and urbanization rates. In a multivariate regression model, physical inactivity (B 5 0?01, SE 5 0?005, P 5 0?003), cereal consumption (B 5 20?02, SE 5 0?006, P , 0?001) and sugar consumption (B 5 0?03, SE 5 0?01, P 5 0?03) were significant predictors of obesity prevalence. Midpoint age (B 5 0?21, SE 5 0?10, P 5 0?02), prevalence of overweight (B 5 0?18, SE 5 0?08, P 5 0?02) and consumption of cereals (B 5 20?22, SE 5 0?10, P 5 0?02) were significant predictors of hypertension. Women appeared to have a significant obesity excess compared with men. Conclusions: High sugar consumption and sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased obesity prevalence. The non-linear association of sugar consumption with prevalence of obesity suggests that effective strategies to reduce its consumption may have differential effects in countries at different stages of the nutrition transition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar consumption and global prevalence of obesity and hypertension: an ecological analysis

Siervo

Montagnese²,

Mathers

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…118 Studies in humans have also shown the remarkable ability of fructose to induce features of metabolic syndrome. [119][120][121] While some clinical studies have argued that fructose is not special in its ability to induce metabolic syndrome, [122][123][124] these latter studies inevitably are short term or have defects in experimental design (discussed by Johnson et al 107 ). Indeed, recent studies suggest that humans may be more sensitive to the effects of fructose than most mammals because uric acid mediates some of the metabolic features.…”

Section: The Rise In Intake Of Added Sugars and Their Effect On Africmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Saab

Kendrick

Yracheta

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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African Americans are at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including obesity, high BP, diabetes, CKD, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Here we summarize the current risks and provide an overview of the underlying risk factors that may account for these associations. By reviewing the relationship between cardiovascular and renal diseases and the African-American population during the early 20th century, the historic and recent associations of African heritage with cardiovascular disease, and modern population genetics, it is possible to assemble strong hypotheses for the primary underlying mechanisms driving the increased frequency of disease in African Americans. Our studies suggest that underlying genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the increased frequency of high BP and kidney disease in African Americans, with particular emphasis on the role of APOL1 polymorphisms in causing kidney disease. In contrast, the Western diet, particularly the relatively high intake of fructose-containing sugars and sweetened beverages, appears to be the dominant force driving the increased risk of diabetes, obesity, and downstream complications. Given that intake of added sugars is a remediable risk factor, we recommend clinical trials to examine the reduction of sweetened beverages as a primary means for reducing cardiovascular risk in African Americans.

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“…Fructose acutely increases thermogenesis, TAG levels and lipogenesis, as well as blood pressure, and raises uric acid, which has been defined as an important and independent predictor of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, fructose does not enhance insulin secretion or leptin production, both important factors in food intake and body weight regulation (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and childhood/adolescent obesity: a case–control study

Martín‐Calvo

Martínez-González

Bes–Rastrollo

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCB) and obesity in children and adolescents from Navarra (Spain). Design: We used a matched case-control study design. The exposure, SSCB consumption (1 serving: 200 ml), was measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardized protocols. The outcome, obesity, was defined as BMI above the age-and sex-specific 97th percentile according to the Spanish reference charts. In the analysis we used conditional logistic regression. Potential confounders were controlled using a multivariable model. Setting: Subjects were recruited in the paediatric departments of the Universidad de Navarra Clinic and the Navarra Hospital Complex, and in three primary health centres of Navarra. Controls were recruited when attending for a routine medical examination or vaccination. Subjects: One hundred and seventy-four obese children and 174 individually sex-and age-matched controls, 52?87 % boys, with a mean age of 11?6 years. Exclusion criteria were dietary interventions, exposure to hormone treatment, development of secondary obesity due to endocrinopathy and serious intercurrent illness. Results: Independently of other factors, high consumption of SSCB (.4 servings/ week) was significantly associated with obesity (OR 5 3?46; 95 % CI 1?24, 9?62; P 5 0?01). Besides, each additional daily serving of SSCB was associated with a 69 % relative increase in the risk of obesity (OR 5 1?69; 95 % CI 1?04, 2?73; P 5 0?03). Conclusions: We found a strong and significant association between SSCB consumption and obesity risk. Our results suggest a monotonic dose-response linear shape for this association in children and adolescents (P for trend 5 0?02). Keywords Soft drinks Soda Children ObesityObesity is a chronic disease that results from an imbalance of energy homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying this metabolic disorder reflect complex interactions of genetic, environmental and behavioural factors. Many studies suggest that obesity increases the risk of many other chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome or some types of cancer, and that becoming obese earlier in life clearly amplifies that risk. The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has become an important public health problem and a priority issue for authorities (1,2) . The worldwide study conducted in 2004 by the International Association for the Study of Obesity (1) found among children aged 5-17 years that 10 % were overweight and 2-3 % were obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. In Europe the prevalence of overweight or obesity is over 20 % with many differences among countries. According to the International Association for the Study of Obesity, Spain shows one of the highest prevalences of obesity in Europe, with 29?5 % of girls and 32?3 % of boys being overweight or obese. These numbers are similar to those from the Aladino study,

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Effect of Fructose on Body Weight in Controlled Feeding Trials

Abstract: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01363791).

Cited by 262 publications

References 61 publications

Sugar consumption and global prevalence of obesity and hypertension: an ecological analysis

Sugar consumption and global prevalence of obesity and hypertension: an ecological analysis

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans

Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and childhood/adolescent obesity: a case–control study

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