Effect of Fouling, Thermal Barrier Coating Degradation and Film Cooling Holes Blockage on Gas Turbine Engine Creep Life

Ogiriki, E. A.; Li, Yiguang G.; Nikolaidis, Theoklis; Isaiah, Thank-God; Sule, Gowon

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.017

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A 2.5% increase in fuel consumption due to a 5% flow capacity reduction was reported by Zwebek and Pilidis [25]. Compressor fouling could also decrease blade tip clearance [26] and surge margin [27] and increase turbine entry temperature (TET) [28].…”

Section: Of 53mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Or, if the absolute deviation is considered (this is suitable when measurement error distribution is assumed to be other than Gaussian distribution and when modeling errors are inevitably present) Equation 29is more suitable. According to Zedda and Singh [118] and Singh [1], when measurement noise is assumed to be Gaussian distribution, the suitable OF to be optimized is given as: (28) Or, if the absolute deviation is considered (this is suitable when measurement error distribution is assumed to be other than Gaussian distribution and when modeling errors are inevitably present) Equation 29is more suitable.…”

Section: Power Setting Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Gas Turbine Gas-Path Diagnostics: State-of-the-Art Methods, Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2019

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Gas-path diagnostics is an essential part of gas turbine (GT) condition-based maintenance (CBM). There exists extensive literature on GT gas-path diagnostics and a variety of methods have been introduced. The fundamental limitations of the conventional methods such as the inability to deal with the nonlinear engine behavior, measurement uncertainty, simultaneous faults, and the limited number of sensors available remain the driving force for exploring more advanced techniques. This review aims to provide a critical survey of the existing literature produced in the area over the past few decades. In the first section, the issue of GT degradation is addressed, aiming to identify the type of physical faults that degrade a gas turbine performance, which gas-path faults contribute more significantly to the overall performance loss, and which specific components often encounter these faults. A brief overview is then given about the inconsistencies in the literature on gas-path diagnostics followed by a discussion of the various challenges against successful gas-path diagnostics and the major desirable characteristics that an advanced fault diagnostic technique should ideally possess. At this point, the available fault diagnostic methods are thoroughly reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses summarized. Artificial intelligence (AI) based and hybrid diagnostic methods have received a great deal of attention due to their promising potentials to address the above-mentioned limitations along with providing accurate diagnostic results. Moreover, the available validation techniques that system developers used in the past to evaluate the performance of their proposed diagnostic algorithms are discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and recommendations for further investigations are provided.

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Section: Of 53mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power Setting Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Gas Turbine Gas-Path Diagnostics: State-of-the-Art Methods, Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2019

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“…Foulant deposits can also clog cooling holes. In the most severe cases, this leads to a reduction in life due thermal stresses, local overheating and creep [6]. Finally, the increased boundary layer displacement thickness -due to the increased roughness and uncontrolled change in shape -and the build-up of foulant [7] can cause a reduction in passage area and hence a drop in turbine capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy-Based Fouling Model for Gas Turbines: EBFOG

Casari

Pinelli

Suman

et al. 2016

Journal of Turbomachinery

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Fouling is a major problem in gas turbines for aeropropulsion because the formation of aggregates on the wet surfaces of the machine affects aerodynamic and heat loads. The representation of fouling in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is based on the evaluation of the sticking probability, i.e., the probability a particle touching a solid surface has to stick to that surface. Two main models are currently available in literature for the evaluation of the sticking coefficient: one is based on a critical threshold for the viscosity, and the other is based on the normal velocity to the surface. However, both models are application specific and lack generality. This work presents an innovative model for the estimation of the sticking probability. This quantity is evaluated by comparing the kinetic energy of the particle with an activation energy which describes the state of the particle. The sticking criterion takes the form of an Arrhenius-type equation. A general formulation for the sticking coefficient is obtained. The method, named energy-based fouling (EBFOG), is the first “energy”-based model presented in the open literature able to account any common deposition effect in gas turbines. The EBFOG model is implemented into a Lagrangian tracking procedure, coupled to a fully three-dimensional CFD solver. Particles are tracked inside the domain, and equations for the momentum and temperature of each particle are solved. The local geometry of the blade is modified accordingly to the deposition rate. The mesh is modified, and the CFD solver updates the flow field. The application of this model to particle deposition in high-pressure turbine vanes is investigated, showing the flexibility of the proposed methodology. The model is particularly important in aircraft engines where the effect of fouling for the turbine, in particular the reduction of the high pressure (HP) nozzle throat area, influences heavily the performance by reducing the core capacity. The energy-based approach is used to quantify the throat area reduction rate and estimate the variation in the compressor operating condition. The compressor operating point as a function of the time spent operating in a harsh environment can be in this way predicted to estimate, for example, the time that an engine can fly in a cloud of volcanic ashes. The impact of fouling on the throat area of the nozzle is quantified for different conditions.

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“…The deposits can also clog cooling holes leading to the rise of the blade surface temperature. In the most severe cases, as pointed out by Ogiriki et al (2015), this leads to a reduction in life due thermal stresses, local overheating and creep. In some cases, the increased boundary layer displacement thickness due to the increased roughness and uncontrolled change in shape and the build-up of the deposit can cause a reduction in passage area of the turbine vane and hence in the turbine capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas turbine blade geometry variation due to fouling

Casari

Pinelli

Suman

et al. 2017

European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Hermodynamics

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Solid particles ingestion is a severe problem for gas turbines. In the aero-propulsion field the main problems related to this phenomenon occur on the hot sections of the machinery. Impinging particles can stick or erode the blade material. The deposition on the turbine blades is the main issue among the two and the clogging of cooling holes can even speed up this process rising the blade surface temperature. An higher temperature affects negatively the deposition problems, increasing particle stickiness. In this paper an innovative approach to account for fouling and erosion effects on turbine vanes is presented. An energetic model to predict the sticking probability is used (EBFOG, from Energy Based FOulinG) and the erosion is evaluated through the model proposed by Tabakoff. Geometry variation of blades subject to fouling are investigated by means of a moving mesh technique which accounts for the boundary displacement of the blade surface.

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Effect of Fouling, Thermal Barrier Coating Degradation and Film Cooling Holes Blockage on Gas Turbine Engine Creep Life

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

A Review on Gas Turbine Gas-Path Diagnostics: State-of-the-Art Methods, Challenges and Opportunities

A Review on Gas Turbine Gas-Path Diagnostics: State-of-the-Art Methods, Challenges and Opportunities

An Energy-Based Fouling Model for Gas Turbines: EBFOG

Gas turbine blade geometry variation due to fouling

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