Effect of Fortification of Drinking Water with Iron plus Ascorbic Acid or with Ascorbic Acid Alone on Hemoglobin Values and Anthropometric Indicators in Preschool Children in Day-Care Centers in Southeast Brazil

Nogueira‐de‐Almeida, Carlos Alberto; Dutra-de-Oliveira, José Eduardo; Crott, Gerson Cláudio; Cantolini, Alessandro; Ricco, Rubens Garcia; Ciampo, Luíz Antônio Del; Baptista, Marina Elisa Costa

doi:10.1177/156482650502600302

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although research on the effectiveness of AA fortification for improving the iron status of developing populations has been inconsistent (47,48), AA in the same meal consistently enhanced food iron absorption (20, 44 -46). Unfortunately, low intakes of AA are common in resource-poor regions (49), and considerable intakes of AA would be required to enhance iron absorption from diets based on these high-phytate foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron bioavailability from maize and beans: a comparison of human measurements with Caco-2 cell and algorithm predictions

Beiseigel

Hunt

Glahn

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: An in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model may predict iron bioavailability to humans; however, direct comparisons are lacking. Objective: The objective was to test the differences in iron bioavailability between 2 maize varieties and 2 bean varieties (white beans and colored beans) by comparing human, Caco-2, and algorithm results. Design: Two randomized, 2 ҂ 2 factorial experiments compared women's iron absorption from 2 maize varieties (ACR and TZB; n ҃ 26) and 2 bean varieties (great northern and pinto; n ҃ 13), each fed with and without ascorbic acid (AA) from orange juice. Nonheme iron bioavailability was determined from 2-wk retention of extrinsic radioiron tracers and was compared with Caco-2 cell and algorithm results from identical meals. Results: Without AA supplementation, women absorbed only about 2% of the iron from the maize or bean meals. The results were unaffected by the variety of either maize or beans. Adding AA (15-20 molar ratios of AA:iron) roughly tripled the iron absorption (P 0.0001) from all test meals. Although the Caco-2 model predicted a slightly improved bioavailability of iron from ACR maize than from TZB maize (P 0.05), it accurately predicted relative iron absorption from the maize meals. However, the Caco-2 model inaccurately predicted both a considerable difference between bean varieties (P 0.0001) and a strong interaction between bean varieties and enhancement by AA (P 0.0001). The algorithm method was more qualitatively than quantitatively useful and requires further development to accurately predict the influence of polyphenols on iron absorption. Conclusions: Caco-2 predictions confirmed human iron absorption results for maize meals but not for bean meals, and algorithm predictions were only qualitatively predictive. 2007;86:388 -96. Am J Clin Nutr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron bioavailability from maize and beans: a comparison of human measurements with Caco-2 cell and algorithm predictions

Beiseigel

Hunt

Glahn

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…None of the studies were double-blind or randomized, and only 2 had a placebo control group [11,14]. Four of these studies describe the fortification of water with ascorbic acid [11][12][13][14]. The quantity of iron used in these studies was also different-20 mg Fe/L in one study [10], 12 mg Fe/L in another study [12], and 10 mg Fe/L in the other 3 studies [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In 5 studies published starting from 1994 [10][11][12][13][14], the authors describe improvement in nutritional status in terms of iron, when a single concentration of iron was used. None of the studies were double-blind or randomized, and only 2 had a placebo control group [11,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Four of these studies describe the fortification of water with ascorbic acid [11][12][13][14]. The quantity of iron used in these studies was also different-20 mg Fe/L in one study [10], 12 mg Fe/L in another study [12], and 10 mg Fe/L in the other 3 studies [11,13,14]. Despite the fact that these studies were technically well designed and significant results were obtained, a randomized, double-blind study with a placebo control is needed that will evaluate the addition of different concentrations of iron to water to achieve optimal adherence, without other products that could enhance absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Randomized Controlled Trial of Iron-Fortified Drinking Water in Preschool Children

Arcanjo

Amâncio

Braga

et al. 2010

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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“…About 60-70% of all children below 6 years of age suffer from various degrees of anemia [15], significantly contributing to childhood morbidity and mortality [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Micronutrient Deficiencies among Rural Children of Eight States in India

Laxmaiah¹,

Arlappa²,

Balakrishna

et al. 2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be a major public health problem in India. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies among rural children. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out by adopting a multistage stratified random sampling procedure. A total of 71,591 preschool children were included for ocular signs, 3,291 preschool children and 6,616 adolescents for hemoglobin, and 28,437 school-age children for iodine deficiency disorders. Results: The prevalence of Bitot's spots was 0.8% (CI = 0.6-0.9) and anemia among preschool children and adolescents was 67% (CI = 64.4-69.5) and 69% (CI = 67.0-71.4), respectively. The prevalence of total goiter was 3.9% (CI = 3.4-4.6). The risk of Bitot's spots was 2.4 times higher among preschool children of Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribes (ST) than others and risk of anemia was twice as high (CI = 1.5-2.6) among adolescents of SC and ST. The micronutrient deficiencies were significantly lower in children who used sanitary latrines. Conclusions: Micronutrient malnutrition is a public health problem among rural children, and it was higher among children of SC/ST, illiterate parents and those not possessing a sanitary latrine. Thus, there is a need to improve environmental sanitation; fortification of foods could also help in mitigating the problem.

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Effect of Fortification of Drinking Water with Iron plus Ascorbic Acid or with Ascorbic Acid Alone on Hemoglobin Values and Anthropometric Indicators in Preschool Children in Day-Care Centers in Southeast Brazil

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Iron bioavailability from maize and beans: a comparison of human measurements with Caco-2 cell and algorithm predictions

Iron bioavailability from maize and beans: a comparison of human measurements with Caco-2 cell and algorithm predictions

Randomized Controlled Trial of Iron-Fortified Drinking Water in Preschool Children

Prevalence and Determinants of Micronutrient Deficiencies among Rural Children of Eight States in India

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