Effect of formaldehyde and urea contaminated feed exposure into the liver of young and adult pigeons (Columba livia)

Abstract

Background and Aim: Nowadays, toxic chemical contaminants in food are a major food safety problem in Bangladesh. Among toxic food contaminants, formalin is used to preserve fruit, vegetables, and fish, where urea is used for the whitening of rice and puffed rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the biochemical and histopathological effects on the liver of young and adult pigeons after exposure to formalin and urea contaminated feed. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 young and 15 adult pigeons were divided into control group, formaldehyde exposed group (2.5 mL formalin/kg feed), and urea exposed (1 g/kg feed) group. Each group consisted of five pigeons. After the experimentation procedures, the blood samples were collected for biochemical study, and the liver tissue was collected for histomorphological study. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The aspartate transaminase serum hepatic enzyme was significantly increased in both formalin and urea exposed young and adult pigeons than the control pigeons. In control pigeons, parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells are regularly arranged. However, histological observation of the liver of formalin and urea exposed young, and adult pigeons showed coagulation necrosis with infiltration of many inflammatory cells around the central and portal veins. The necrotic areas are more extensive with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver of formalin-treated pigeons than the urea treated pigeons. Conclusion: The present study results show that low concentrations of formalin and urea in feed induced liver lesions in pigeons in different extents and indicate that exposure to toxic chemicals may affect homeostasis of the liver and cause liver injury or act as a co-factor for liver disease.

Effect of 2400 MHz mobile phone radiation exposure on the behavior and hippocampus morphology in Swiss mouse model

“…Previous findings have shown that oxidative stress responds to exposure to RF-EMR ( Consales et al, 2012 , Yüksel et al, 2016 , Yurekli et al, 2006 ). Oxidants could interrupt cellular membrane enzyme activity, impair cellular activities, and perhaps lead to cell death ( Achudume et al, 2012 , Hasan et al, 2021b , Karim et al, 2020 , Kobir et al, 2020 ). Most noticeable behavioral and cognitive disorders of the central nervous system identified in both people and animals regarding long-term smartphone radiation exposure ( Babadi-Akashe et al, 2014 , Söderqvist et al, 2015 , Zhao et al, 2012 ).…”

Evaluation of the Effects of Chemical Exposure on Pulmonary Function and Blood Component: A Case-Control Study

“…The effect of formaldehyde was investigated in animal experiments. Histologic examination of the liver of young and adult pigeons exposed to formalin revealed coagulative necrosis accompanied by in ltration of numerous in ammatory cells around the central and portal veins 53 . In another study, a remarkable incraese in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was found in surgeons, anesthesiologists, anesthesia assistants (AAs), and nurses compared to the control group.…”