“…The number of nano-size molecules in a polymer composition can significantly improve its mechanical properties (Abbasi et al, 2023;Arshad et al, 2023;Munir et al, 2023). This is mostly due to the nanoparticle's exclusive holdings, which result in effective development properties (Kim et al, 2013;Longmire et al, 2008;Ullah et al, 2021b). Polymer nanocomposites are materials in which at least one dimension of the matrix is strengthened by particles (Aziz et al, 2021a;Aziz et al, 2021d;Chen et al, 2019a).…”