Effect of foot orthosis design on lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics during walking in flexible pes planovalgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Immediate Effects of Medially Posted Insoles on Lower Limb Joint Contact Forces in Adult Acquired Flatfoot: A Pilot Study

“…A number of studies have examined foot kinematics and kinetics after orthosis use [14][15][16]18,48]. Regarding the joint angles, the foot orthosis significantly reduced the peak hindfoot eversion by 3.8 • (p = 0.001, ES = 1.468), which was consistent with previous studies using a medial forefoot or medial full-length insole [49,50].…”

“…The orthosis assists in some functions of the tibialis posterior, which could probably be failing among the flatfoot adults. The significant reduction in the peak ankle eversion and internal rotation moment facilitated by the orthosis could alleviate further pronation and progression [18], which could be difficult to obtain by surgical intervention alone [42]. Moreover, the orthosis decreased the functional demand of the tibialis posterior, and this could have caused a significant reduction of the ankle joint contact force, as supported by previous literature [43].…”

“…They were equipped with the same type/brand of running shoes (Reebok Run Supreme 4.0, Reebok, Boston, United States) and foot orthoses (Universal Flat Foot, Dr Kong, HK, China), as shown in Figure 2. According to the previous study [18], medial forefoot or both medial forefoot and rearfoot posting insoles could effectively reduce the rearfoot eversion angle for adults with flatfoot, so foot orthosis with arch support and forefoot posting insoles were used in this study. The foot orthoses were prefabricated insoles with a 3-cm thick medial arch support and 6 • inclined medial forefoot posting.…”

“…Foot orthoses can improve stability and facilitate pain relief by modifying lower limb alignment [13][14][15][16][17][18]. A recent review conducted by Desmyttere, Hajizadeh, Bleau and Begon [18] examined the influence of the orthosis design on the kinematics of the lower extremity. They discovered that medial posting insoles were the most effective foot orthoses to reduce the rearfoot eversion angle for adults with flatfoot.…”

“…Hsu et al [19] adopted a medial posting insole in the forefoot and rearfoot and found that the foot orthosis significantly increased the knee internal abduction moment and reduced the ankle inversion moment and hip abduction moment. Regardless, previous studies have evaluated the biomechanics of foot orthoses for flatfoot by joint angles or moments [14][15][16]18,19], whereas the joint contact force represents a more direct parameter used to reveal the mechanism of secondary knee joint problems, such as pain and cartilage wear [20]. However, measurement in vivo was difficult owing to the invasiveness.…”