Effect of Foot Orthoses in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Based on Ultrasonography of the Ankle Invertor and Evertor Muscles

Cho, Dong Joon; Ahn, So Young; Bok, Soo-Kyung

doi:10.5535/arm.21137

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Hence, the same cut-off value applies across both genders and both feet. Previous studies have used 4 (degrees) as a cut-off point for the RCSP in children [ 20 , 31 , 32 ], without evaluating the discriminant validity of this test. Our study, after calculating the ROC curve, discerned 6 (degrees) as the optimal cut-off point for the classification of FF in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP): an old dog, with new tricks

Martinez-Sebastian,

Gijon-Nogueron,

Ramos-Petersen

et al. 2023

Eur J Pediatr

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The objective of this study was to establish the accuracy of the resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) for the assessment of flat foot (FF) in children, aligned to the validity of the foot posture index (FPI). The RCSP cut-off point was explored, in context of both FF prevalence and the relationship between FF and body weight. A total of 205 healthy children, aged 5 to 10 years, participated in a cross-sectional study. Correlation was performed between RCSP and FPI. ROC curve technique was calculated to assess differentiation between groups. A score equal to or greater than 7 on the FPI was used as the ‘gold standard’ for analysis. The correlation between FPI and RCSP was significant (r = 0.63; p < 0.01). The discrimination score on the ROC curve (6 points/degrees) shows that the model can be used to identify FF through RCSP, with a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 85% returned. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the role of RCSP for simple, accessible and quick screening of paediatric FF. This is especially pertinent for non-podiatric healthcare professional without specialised paediatric foot knowledge. What is Known:• Most children develop a normal arch quickly, and flat feet usually resolve on their own between 2 and 6 years of age.• The measurement used to diagnose flat foot in children must be accurate, consistent, and valid to characterize the standard foot position. The Resting Calcaneal Stance Position (RCSP) is another widely used measure to evaluate the position of the flat foot in children. What is New:• The RCSP cut-off point 6 shows a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 85% thanks to the FPI as the Gold standard.• The RCSP is useful for health professionals who are not specialised in pediatric foot health. The RCSP is useful to detect flat foot in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP): an old dog, with new tricks

Martinez-Sebastian,

Gijon-Nogueron,

Ramos-Petersen

et al. 2023

Eur J Pediatr

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Evaluation of the Effect of Kinesio Taping on the Plantar Arch Index of Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Rezaei

Hosseini

Khosravi

et al. 2023

J Adv Med Biomed Res

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10.30699/jambs.31.144.25 Background & Objective: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder of posture and motor status caused by various factors and can cause childhood disabilities and abnormalities like flat foot deformity. Kinesio Taping is a typical technique that helps relieve pain, relax muscles, and increase proprioception. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping on the plantar arch index in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 20 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy aged 2 to 6 years in Zanjan-Iran rehabilitation centers. The children were examined in separate intervention and control groups. In the control group, common flat foot exercises were performed. In contrast, in the intervention group, the Kinesio Taping method was used in addition to the mentioned exercises, and finally, the data were analyzed. Paired samples T-Test and Independent T-Test were used to determine the effect of Kinesio Taping in reducing flat feet.Results: After statistical analysis, it was found that, although both groups showed significant results in their plantar arch indexes, the intervention group's results seemed more effective (p<0.05). Conclusion:Kinesio taping can be a safe, inexpensive, and accessible method to manage flat feet complications in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.

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The effects of foot orthoses on radiological parameters and pain in children with flexible flat feet: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the impact of foot orthoses on foot radiological parameters and pain in children diagnosed with flexible flatfoot.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO, covering publications from the inception of each database up to 8 June 2024. The study focused on randomized controlled trials investigating the use of foot orthoses for treating flexible flat feet in children. Four researchers independently reviewed the identified literature, extracted relevant data, assessed the quality of the studies, and performed statistical analyses using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsSix studies involving 297 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included literature ranged from moderate to high. Radiological parameters of the foot improved significantly in older children with flexible flat feet following foot orthotic intervention compared to controls, particularly in the lateral talar-first metatarsal angle [mean difference (MD) = −2.76, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) −4.30 to −1.21, p = 0.0005], lateral talo-heel angle (MD = −5.14, 95% CI −7.76 to −2.52, p = 0.0001) and calcaneal pitch angle (MD = 1.79, 95% CI 0.88–2.69, p = 0.0001). These differences were statistically significant. Additionally, foot orthoses significantly improved the ankle internal rotation angle and reduced foot pain in children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot (MD = −2.51, 95% CI −4.94 to −0.07, p = 0.04).ConclusionThe use of foot orthoses positively impacts the improvement of radiological parameters of the foot and reduces pain in older children with flexible flat feet. However, in younger children with flexible flat feet, the improvement from foot orthoses was not significant, likely due to challenges in radiological measurements caused by the underdevelopment of the ossification centers in the foot. Further studies are needed. Consequently, the results of this meta-analysis support the implementation of an early intervention strategy using foot orthoses for the management of symptomatic flat feet in older children.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO [CRD42023441229].

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Effect of Foot Orthoses in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Based on Ultrasonography of the Ankle Invertor and Evertor Muscles

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

The resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP): an old dog, with new tricks

The resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP): an old dog, with new tricks

Evaluation of the Effect of Kinesio Taping on the Plantar Arch Index of Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

The effects of foot orthoses on radiological parameters and pain in children with flexible flat feet: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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