Effect of food supplementation (WIC) during pregnancy on birth weight

Metcoff, Jack; Costiloe, Paul; Crosby, Warren M.; Dutta, Seshachalam; Sandstead, Harold H.; Milne, David B.; Bodwell, C. E.; Majors, Stephen H

doi:10.1093/ajcn/41.5.933

Cited by 84 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is consistent with the evidence base for strategies promoting changes in lifestyle which tend to be demonstrated in the medium to long term (39)(40)(41) and in association with increased length of participation in the programme (42,43) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Dyson

Renfrew

McFadden

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To develop policy and public health recommendations for implementation at all levels by individuals and organisations working in, or related to, the field of breast-feeding promotion in developed country settings, where breastfeeding rates remain low. Design: Two research phases, comprising (i) an assessment of the formal evidence base in developed country settings and (ii) a consultation with UK-based practitioners, service managers and commissioners, and representatives of service users. The evidence base included three systematic reviews and an Evidence Briefing. One hundred and ten studies evaluating an intervention in developed country settings were assessed for quality and awarded an overall quality rating. Studies with a poor quality rating were excluded. The resulting seventy studies examined twenty-five types of intervention for breast-feeding promotion. These formed the basis of the second consultation phase to develop the evidence-based interventions into recommendations for practice, which comprised (i) pilot consultation, (ii) electronic consultation, (iii) fieldwork meetings and (iv) workshops. Draft findings were synthesised for two rounds of stakeholder review conducted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Results: Twenty-five recommendations emerged within three complementary and necessary categories, i.e. public health policy, mainstream clinical practice and local interventions. Conclusions: The need for national policy directives was clearly identified as a priority to address many of the barriers experienced by practitioners when trying to work across sectors, organisations and professional groups. Routine implementation of the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative across hospital and community services was recommended as core to breast-feeding promotion in the UK. A local mix of complementary interventions is also required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Dyson

Renfrew

McFadden

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Nutrition education and caloric supplementation have not been shown to reduce prematurity rates, and protein supplementation has actually been found to be harmful (58). The Special Supplementation Program for Women, Infants, and Children (usually referred to as WIC), the large, federal program designed to enhance caloric intake among pregnant women of low income, has been associated with somewhat improved fetal growth and other positive outcomes but not with reduced rates of prematurity (46). Although promising, it remains unclear whether supplementation of zinc, folate, and other vitamins and minerals can prolong pregnancy.…”

Section: Access Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anatomy of a Disparity in Infant Mortality

Wise

2003

Annu. Rev. Public Health

118

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This article suggests that while disparities in infant mortality have been longstanding, the mechanisms of disparity creation are undergoing intense change. This dynamic character is explored by first developing an analytic model that examines the interaction between social factors and the public health and clinical capacity to intervene. Disparities in infant mortality are then broken down into their component parts and linked to specific arenas of intervention. Disparities in postneonatal mortality are being shaped by differential access to interventions designed to prevent infant death from congenital anomalies and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Disparities in neonatal mortality are primarily determined by factors that influence the birthrate of extremely premature infants and access to specialized obstetrical and pediatric care. This analysis suggests that the epidemiology and social meaning of disparities in infant mortality are intensely dynamic and increasingly reflect the interaction between social forces and technical innovation.

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“…The researchers randomly assigned women to a supplement group, non-supplement group and a control group. While unadjusted birth weights for the study and control groups were similar, it was found the supplement had a positive and significant effect with an increase of 91 grams in birth weight after adjustment for gestational age, sex, prenatal care, the interval between pregnancies, smoking and previous history of having a low-birth weight baby (Metcoff et al , 1985). Adjustment for maternal weight at entry into the program showed no effect on birth weight, although added adjustment for smoking status showed a positive and significant effect on the birth weight (Metcoff et al , 1985).…”

Section: Healthiest Babies Possible Program Torontomentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The average effect of the program on birth weight was an increase of 118 grams for nonblacks and 199 grams for blacks. WIC had a larger effect for those mothers who had previous low-birth weight babies compared with women with a normal birth weight history ( an increase of 206 grams compared to 112 grams, respectively) (Metcoff et al , 1985 and fetal and infant death. The impact ofWIC for the total population studied was a mean increase of22 grams.…”

Section: Healthiest Babies Possible Program Torontomentioning

confidence: 91%

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Great beginnings: a prenatal program evaluation

Selig¹

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This study represents the evaluation of The Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program, GreatBeginnings Project of Canning, Nova Scotia. The evaluation is based on the views as expressed in three focus groups of women who had been participating in the project.The women identified several reasons for becoming involved in the program which included support with other mothers, information and financial help. These factors were also identified as services the women were receiving from participating in the program. The women appreciated the nutritional supplement called The Good Food Box as it was the vehicle for initiation of social contact and interaction.Final analysis indicates that the program is meeting the short term needs of these women. The participants express interest in meeting as a group for future support in the future and after the program was concluded for them. As well the women indicated they would like to have the program extended. These results indicate there is a need to build in sustainable support and skills as a component of the program.Recommendations include involving participants as peer support, developing a group meeting, develop means to address sustainable support with other mothers, and ways to spread out the food budget. The findings from these groups were used to redirect program priorities and to improve delivery of services. Appreciation is expressed to Pauline Raven, and Debbie Reimer for their help with bringing the focus groups together and providing background information needed for the written thesis.The focus group participants are thanked for their enthusiasm and interest while participating in the focus group.Thanks to Allyson Durepos, fourth year nutrition student at Acadia University, for helping set up ofthe focus groups and taking notes during the groups.Appreciation is expressed to the Bridgewater Family Resource Center Parenting Group for completing a trial run of the focus group questions, for their suggestions for rewording those questions, and further input on the style of the focus groups.Thanks to Marie Penny ofWentzell's Lake, Nova Scotia for editing the text at one of the most crucial phases of this project.A very special thanks to my husband David who through our first year of marriage supported me in all ways to complete this project.CHAPTER I

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Effect of food supplementation (WIC) during pregnancy on birth weight

Cited by 84 publications

References 20 publications

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

The Anatomy of a Disparity in Infant Mortality

Great beginnings: a prenatal program evaluation

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