Effect of food deprivation upon the rat's behavior in its home cage.

Bolles, Robert C.

doi:10.1037/h0039974

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In general, the pattern of activity changes observed in this study are similar to those reported by Bolles (1963Bolles ( , 1965. However, the specific methodology employed in this study argues against an interpretation of the greater activity under higher levels of food deprivation as due to association with feeding periods.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Effects of food deprivation on object and nonobject directed behavior in the rat

Kamback

1966

Psychon Sci

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Effects of food deprivation on object and nonobject directed behavior in the rat 1 The motivational effects of food deprivation have long been a subject of considerable controversy, especially in regard to its effects on general activity. Studies using activity wheels have generally reported increases in activity as a function of increased food deprivation whereas mixed results have been reported when stablimeters or beam interruption devices have been used (Baumeister, Hawkins, & Cromwell, 1964). In 1963, Bolles attempted to circumvent methodological artifacts by using a direct observational technique and found that food deprivation produced changes in the patterning of behavior characterized by increases in general acti vity and compensatory decreases in grooming and sleeping behavior. Since the observed changes were cyclic in nature, Bolles suggested that the activity changes may have been correlated with feeding periods and thus been due to conditioning. However, in a more recent study (Bolles, 1965), rats were observed under continuous as well as cyclic deprivation conditions. Increases in activity occurred in both continuous as well as cyclic deprivation schedules even though the continuously deprived rats were never fed once observation was initiated. Since both continous and cyclically deprived rats were observed in their home cages which were adjacent to each other, it is possible that the increased activity of the cyclically deprived rats occurring prior to the feeding period induced activity in the continuously deprived rats.Consequently the intent of the present study was to circumvent possible conditioning factors by observing food deprived rats in an environment which was isolated from the sounds and sights of other rats and in which the rats had had no previous experience.Psychon. Sci., 1966, Vol. 5 (3) Subjects and Apparatus MARVIN C. KAMBACK STANFORD UNIVERSITYThe Ss were 12 male albino rats of the NLR strain and were approximately 120 days old at the time observations were made. All Ss were placed on an ad libitum feeding schedule for at least one week. Following this they were placed on a deprivation schedule which consisted of access to food for one hour per day. Ss were maintained on this schedule at least one week prior to being observed after which they were randomly divided into three groups of four Ss each and observed either 6, 11, or 22 hr. following the 1 hr. feeding period.The rats were observed in a conventional Skinner box of which three sides were Plexiglas and the fourth metal. A conventional lever and food receptable were mounted on the fourth wall. Isolation from the surrounding environment was accomplished by mounting the Skinner box in the cabinet of a gutted refrigerator. The interior of the cabinet was illuminated by a 15 watt bulb mounted directly above the Skinner box. Ventilation and a masking noise were provided by an aquarium air pump. A double glass window served as a one-way mirror and was mounted in the door of the refrigerator cabinet enabling observations to be ma...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Effects of food deprivation on object and nonobject directed behavior in the rat

Kamback

1966

Psychon Sci

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“…This complementary relationship puts on a quantitative basis the qualitative findings that a rat deprived of a 'directed' activity or of an activity to which it has become accustomed will engage in other forms of activity (Bolles, 1963;Premack & Premack, 1963) and that the total time spent by rats in some form of activity does not alter in food deprivation (Mathews & Finger, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The constancy of the energy expended by rats on spontaneous activity, and the distribution of activity between feeding and non‐feeding

Morrison¹

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Methods were developed and described for partitioning the total daily energy expenditure of rats into compartments attributable to rest, total spontaneous motor activity and feeding activity.2. In terms of energy expenditure feeding appeared as a form of motor activity which was at least as costly as other spontaneous activity.3. The compartment attributable to total spontaneous activity within a 24 hr period was about 25 % of total energy expenditure and was not altered by body weight, food intake or feeding mode (e.g. solid or liquid food). 4. The compartment attributable to feeding activity varied with food intake and with feeding mode in such a way that non-feeding activity varied inversely with feeding activity. By a given feeding mode non-feeding activity varied inversely with food intake.5. It is concluded (a) that food deprivation does not induce increased total activity by the rat, but does produce a complementary increase in non-feeding activity; (b) that measurement of a specific motor activity does not give a valid estimate of change in total activity; and (c) that the complementary relationship between the energy expended on feeding activity and that expended on non-feeding activity is responsible for the decline in food intake with increasing non-feeding activity that has been shown to occur at low habitual levels of spontaneous activity.

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“…Hunger drive, in the absence of food and stimulus changes, was not sufficient to produce goal-directed exploratory responses. However, as was found by Strong (1957) and Bolles (1963), food deprivation appeared to be responsible for an increase in the frequency of gross motor responses over fine motor responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The investigations of Bolles (1963) and Mathews and Finger (1966) indicated that food deprivation influenced the distribution of types of behavior. The former reported fine ambulatory activity being displaced by gross nonam-'This paper is a summary of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the M.A.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential Activity in Rats as a Function of Deprivation, Stimulus Change, and Recording Method

Gruenau

Kessler

1970

Psychol Rep

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The effecu of stimulus changes on activity in 20 food-deprived and 20 nondeprived adult rau were smdied using a photo-relay method, direct observation, and bar-press rate. Differences in activity as measured by the photo-cells and differences in bar-presses were significant ( P < ,001) for stimulation, deprivation, and the interactions. Ss in the stimulus change groups had the highest activity counts, their most frequent single behavior being exploration. The results confirmed the utility of the photo-relay system of measurement, demonstrated that stimulus change differentially affected the activity of deprived and nondeprived Ss, and supported the conclusion that stimulation sensitized S to its internal state to which it then reacted.

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Effect of food deprivation upon the rat's behavior in its home cage.

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of food deprivation on object and nonobject directed behavior in the rat

Effects of food deprivation on object and nonobject directed behavior in the rat

The constancy of the energy expended by rats on spontaneous activity, and the distribution of activity between feeding and non‐feeding

Differential Activity in Rats as a Function of Deprivation, Stimulus Change, and Recording Method

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