Effect of Folic Acid Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles in Treatment of RA like Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats.

Abstract

Objective: Nanomedicine has become one of the promising research areas, opening new horizons in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of nanomedicine for combating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune arthritis. RA is characterized by progressive inflammation and persistent synovitis, leading to joint destruction, functional incapability, and ultimately disability. Although there has been a tremendous evolution in disease assess­ment and treatment, many patients still fail to attain remission. Therefore, developing new drugs that specifically target inflamed joints and simultaneously attenuate other possible damages to healthy tissues is indispensable. This study was done to evaluate the potential of folic acid conjugated silver nanoparticles (FA-AgNPs) as RA therapy.Methods: In the CFA-arthritic rat model, FA-AgNPs & methotrexate were administered for 8 consecutive weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measuring paw volume, ESR, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. For safety concerns, CBC, liver, and renal function tests were evaluated. Joints histological assessment was also carried out.Results: FA-AgNPs significantly reduced paw volume, paw weight, ESR, CRP, RF, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels compared with arthritic non-treated rats, demonstrating good anti-inflammatory activity. Likewise, histology of tarsal joints depicted comparatively lesser inflammatory cellular infiltration and diminished cartilage erosions. Methotrexate displayed comparable results. In contrast to methotrexate, FA-AgNPs showed normal CBC & significantly improved liver and renal function tests. Conclusion: FA-AgNPs exhibited substantial anti-arthritic activity. This notable anti-arthritic potential of FA-AgNPs was as good as the current standard treatment of MTX with higher biosafety.

comparative study of the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract and nanocomplex on some immunological and physiological parameters before and after MTX treatment loading

“…The results of this study contradict those obtained (Nigatu et al 2017) (Al-Naseem et al 2021 (Islam, Islam, and Sultana 2020) (Corrado et al 2017) . These studies confirmed a decrease in the total number of red blood cells in patients with In rheumatoid arthritis, approximately 17% of RA patients were found to have low hemoglobin levels and met WHO criteria (Hajar 2015) Cell migration is important in innate and adaptive immune responses and leukocyte recruitment to sites of acute or chronic inflammation (Lin et al 2015) Inadequate leukocyte assembly reduces inflammatory responses and initiates pathological processes of inflammation (Poulet et al 2010) Leukocytes sharply increase as the body's first line of defense (Kebede et al 2016) Concentration of white blood cells and lymphocytes possibly triggering a mechanism Immune defense (Nafiu et al 2020) Increasing the number of white blood cells by stimulation during the rise of inflammatory cytokines (G. Chen et al 2020) and when using MTX treatment, we notice a decrease in the values of (RBC, MCV, MCHC, MCH) and this corresponds to With a study (Elbeialy 2022) (De Rotte et al 2018 approximately 60% of the drugs used are of natural origin at present (Albert et al 2021) , RA patients who are likely to be unresponsive to MTX therapy, may treat ( Additionally) with other biologics or medicines (De Rotte et al 2018) plants can be used to treat a myriad of diseases (Saganuwan 2017) . A natural flavonoid, widely present in many plants (X.…”