Fly ash (FA), solid waste residue, is a by-product of thermal power plant, and its disposal is considered to be the current biggest challenge faced by the entire world. Various studies have revealed that addition of FA to the soil may improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil mixture. FA is also considered to provide readily available soil micro-and macronutrients. Lower doses of FA enhance the nutritional status of agricultural soil, thereby promoting plant growth, whereas higher doses of FA result in heavy metal pollution leading to deleterious effects which hinder the soil microbial communities and related enzymatic activity. Practically, FA is utilized in agriculture due to its usage as "ecofriendly and costeffective" soil/fertilizer amendment which depends upon various factors like soil types, climatic conditions, plant selected for growth, etc. However, combined biotechnological approaches (organic and inorganic) need to be applied to soil-FA mixtures in order to reduce the amount of toxic elements present in FA and also to maintain the nutrient status as well as soil microbial activity. Overall, the lower doses of FA application could be utilized to revamp the soil structure, soil microflora, N-cycling process, and enzymatic activity which have a significant role in promoting the growth of plants.