“…It was reported that a decrease of LP led to the formation of fine precipitates within inter-dendritic areas that prevented the movement of dislocations, resulting in an improvement in the hardness and tensile strength. 16 It was also pointed out by Ramkumar et al 9 that a better combination of hardness and tensile strength can be attained by exact control of the solidification cracks and Laves particles during the laser welding of stainless steel 316 and Inconel 718 superalloy. Ahmad et al 12 stated that the weld joint exhibited a fine dendritic structure comprising Mo-rich and Nb-rich precipitates at lower LP, which was responsible for an improvement in the tensile strength and hardness.…”
Section: Analysis Of the Measured Responsesmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…4,5 In recent years, the pulsed laser welding of dissimilar materials has received attention in the different applications because of numerous benefits such as high productivity, high penetration, narrow weld width, low distortion, faster cooling rates, narrow heat affected zone (HAZ), little segregation of elements, and consequently improved mechanical properties. [6][7][8][9][10] Ramkumar et al 11 investigated the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld joint between duplex 2205 stainless steel and Inconel 625 obtained by pulsed laser welding process and observed that the joint strength reached to the tensile strength of 2205 stainless steel, which was about 820 MPa. Laser welding of duplex 2205 stainless steel and Inconel 625 was also performed by Ahmad et al 12 They observed that with the increase of welding speed and so decrease of the heat input into the weld region, the cracks reduced because of the reduction of element segregation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The key parameters of pulsed laser welding process are pulse frequency, welding speed and laser power. 4,8,9 Recently, some authors have investigated the influence of the parameters of laser welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds. In a study on the laser pulsed welding of Inconel 718 and 4140 steel, Anuradha et al 19 found that the greater values of welding speed and laser power were associated with an enhancement of weld penetration and a decrease of the HAZ width.…”
The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of dissimilar joint between 316 stainless steel and GTD-111 superalloy obtained by laser welding. Hence, the input variables of pulse frequency, welding speed and laser power were employed to optimize the output variables of weld penetration, hardness and tensile strength through the desirability function technique and response surface methodology. In order to study the changes of microstructure in the welded samples, the optical and scanning electron microscopies were applied. It was observed that an increase in the laser power from 1500 to 2500 W enhanced the penetration depth of weld, while it worsened the hardness and tensile strength owing to nucleation of solidification cracks and formation of Laves phase caused by segregation of Ta, Ti, Nb, W, and Mo elements. Moreover, the faster welding speed up to 1.5 mm/s resulted in a decrease in the penetration depth and an increase in the hardness and tensile strength, which is due to the nucleation of a small dendritic structure and the nucleation of fewer Laves phase owing to lesser heat input. When the variables of pulse frequency and laser power increased simultaneously, the liquation cracks were formed within HAZ of GTD-111 superalloy due to nucleation of γ′-γ eutectic phase, while the cracks and shrinkage voids were observed within HAZ of 316 stainless steel. The results of desirability function technique indicated that the optimum mechanical properties have been obtained at a pulse frequency of 15 Hz, welding speed of 0.8 mm/s and a laser power of 1550 W.
“…It was reported that a decrease of LP led to the formation of fine precipitates within inter-dendritic areas that prevented the movement of dislocations, resulting in an improvement in the hardness and tensile strength. 16 It was also pointed out by Ramkumar et al 9 that a better combination of hardness and tensile strength can be attained by exact control of the solidification cracks and Laves particles during the laser welding of stainless steel 316 and Inconel 718 superalloy. Ahmad et al 12 stated that the weld joint exhibited a fine dendritic structure comprising Mo-rich and Nb-rich precipitates at lower LP, which was responsible for an improvement in the tensile strength and hardness.…”
Section: Analysis Of the Measured Responsesmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…4,5 In recent years, the pulsed laser welding of dissimilar materials has received attention in the different applications because of numerous benefits such as high productivity, high penetration, narrow weld width, low distortion, faster cooling rates, narrow heat affected zone (HAZ), little segregation of elements, and consequently improved mechanical properties. [6][7][8][9][10] Ramkumar et al 11 investigated the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld joint between duplex 2205 stainless steel and Inconel 625 obtained by pulsed laser welding process and observed that the joint strength reached to the tensile strength of 2205 stainless steel, which was about 820 MPa. Laser welding of duplex 2205 stainless steel and Inconel 625 was also performed by Ahmad et al 12 They observed that with the increase of welding speed and so decrease of the heat input into the weld region, the cracks reduced because of the reduction of element segregation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The key parameters of pulsed laser welding process are pulse frequency, welding speed and laser power. 4,8,9 Recently, some authors have investigated the influence of the parameters of laser welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds. In a study on the laser pulsed welding of Inconel 718 and 4140 steel, Anuradha et al 19 found that the greater values of welding speed and laser power were associated with an enhancement of weld penetration and a decrease of the HAZ width.…”
The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of dissimilar joint between 316 stainless steel and GTD-111 superalloy obtained by laser welding. Hence, the input variables of pulse frequency, welding speed and laser power were employed to optimize the output variables of weld penetration, hardness and tensile strength through the desirability function technique and response surface methodology. In order to study the changes of microstructure in the welded samples, the optical and scanning electron microscopies were applied. It was observed that an increase in the laser power from 1500 to 2500 W enhanced the penetration depth of weld, while it worsened the hardness and tensile strength owing to nucleation of solidification cracks and formation of Laves phase caused by segregation of Ta, Ti, Nb, W, and Mo elements. Moreover, the faster welding speed up to 1.5 mm/s resulted in a decrease in the penetration depth and an increase in the hardness and tensile strength, which is due to the nucleation of a small dendritic structure and the nucleation of fewer Laves phase owing to lesser heat input. When the variables of pulse frequency and laser power increased simultaneously, the liquation cracks were formed within HAZ of GTD-111 superalloy due to nucleation of γ′-γ eutectic phase, while the cracks and shrinkage voids were observed within HAZ of 316 stainless steel. The results of desirability function technique indicated that the optimum mechanical properties have been obtained at a pulse frequency of 15 Hz, welding speed of 0.8 mm/s and a laser power of 1550 W.
“…al. [6] used the A-TIG welding technique for Inconel 718 joints. Manu such research on stainless steels [7][8][9][10] has been successfully carried out by various researchers which dictates the capability of this new emerging process.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was reported that methanol and ethanol provided good spreadabilty and coverability and in turn exciting results in terms of depth of penetration. The present study deals with studying weld bead dimension such as DOP, BW, HAZ width and D/w ratio for bead-on-plate welds by A-TIG process using 6 …”
Abstract-This work attempts to investigate the effect of oxide fluxes on 6mm thick Reduced Activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFM) during Activated TIG (A-TIG) welding. Six different fluxes Al 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , CuO, HgO, MoO 3 , and NiO were mixed with methanol for conversion into paste and bead-on-plate experiments were then carried out. This study, systematically investigates the influence of oxide-based flux powder and carrier solvent composition on the weld bead shape, geometric shape of weld bead and dominant depth enhancing mechanism in tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel. It was inferred from the study that flux Co 3 O 4 and MoO 3 imparted full and secure (more than 6mm) penetration with methanol owing to dual mechanism of reversed Marangoni and arc constriction. The use of methanol imparted good spreadabilty and coverability and ultimately higher peak temperatures were observed with its use owing to stronger depth enhancing mechanisms than use of acetone with same oxide fluxes and welding conditions.
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