Effect of Flexing and Massage on
            <i>in Vivo</i>
            Human Skin Penetration and Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Leite-Silva, Vânia Rodrigues; Liu, David C.; Sanchez, Washington Y.; Studier, Hauke; Mohammed, Yousuf; Holmes, Amy; Becker, Wolfgang; Grice, Jeffrey E.; Benson, Heather A. E.; Roberts, Michael S.

doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0010

Cited by 50 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Gratieri et al [36] also showed that nanomaterials (diameter 4 nm) deposited on the skin furrows and follicles of intact human skin based on MPT and confocal laser scanning microscopy. This also concurs with our previous work on ZnO nanoparticles that showed no penetration into human skin in vivo when applied as sunscreen formulations [6], with occlusion [8], with massage and flexing [7], and with repeated application [9]. However, these nanoparticles were larger (65–75 nm) and had the potential to agglomerate in the formulation.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The majority of well-conducted studies of ZnO nanoparticles have concluded that these nanoparticles do not penetrate healthy adult human skin [6-8]. ZnO nanoparticles (average size 80 nm) were not transported into viable epidermis even with mechanical stress such as flexing and massage [7], occlusion and barrier impairment [8] and repeated application [9]. Whilst this establishes the safety of these nanoparticle-based sunscreens, it must be noted that the nature of the formulation may influence the tendency of these nanoparticles to remain on the skin surface and furrows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Quantum Dot Skin Penetration in Porcine Skin: Effect of Age and Anatomical Site of Topical Application

Nastiti

Mohammed

Telaprolu

et al. 2019

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Pig skin is a widely acknowledged surrogate for human skin for in vitro/ex vivo skin penetration studies with application for small molecules and nanosystems. We have investigated the influence of biological factors such as age and anatomical site on the penetration and distribution of nanoparticles (2.1 nm hydrophilic CdTe/CdS quantum dots: QDs) in adult pig skin (APS), weanling pig skin (WPS) and newborn pig skin (NBPS) at two different anatomical sites (ear and abdomen). Methods: QDs in saline were applied to 1 × 1 cm² skin (62.5 pmol/cm²) with 2-min finger rubbing using a standardized protocol. After 6- or 24-h incubation on Franz diffusion cells, tape stripping (×10) followed by manual follicular casting was conducted. Cadmium in QDs was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for all samples. The presence of QDs in similarly treated skin samples was also captured using multiphoton tomography. Results: QDs were mainly localized in hair follicles after 6 and 24 h of exposure with no cadmium detected in the Franz cell receptor compartment regardless of pig age or anatomical site. The amount of QDs deposited in the follicles was similar at 6 h but higher on APS and WPS ears compared to NBPS ears at 24 h. This is associated with the high follicle density and small follicle diameter of the NBPS compared to the smaller density of much larger follicles on the APS. NBPS showed consistent QD distribution for ear and abdomen up to 24 h. Conclusions: There is minimal penetration of QDs through pig skin. Density and diameter of follicles in association with age of pigs and application site influenced the amount of QDs deposited in follicles. The structure of the stratum corneum, follicle density and diameter of NBPS are similar to human skin suggesting that NBPS is an appropriate model for human skin in the evaluation of topical applications of a range of chemicals including nanosystems.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Quantum Dot Skin Penetration in Porcine Skin: Effect of Age and Anatomical Site of Topical Application

Nastiti

Mohammed

Telaprolu

et al. 2019

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…Because, nanomaterials have smaller sizes and corresponding larger specific surface area than micromaterials (Kipen and Laskin 2005, Oberdorster et al 2005, Nel et al 2006. Many researchers and we have studied the different potential effects of nanomaterials with various compositions and properties on human and environmental health in vitro and in vivo settings (Sonmez et al 2015, Leite-Silva et al 2016, Turkez et al 2016. Nanostructures of silicon, including particles, dots, wires, rods and ribbons, have sparked much interest due to their unique electronic/mechanical properties and the improved performances, and make their potential application in many areas such as optoelectronic devices, solar cells and biological markers (Chantrenne and Lysenko 2005, Cavarroc et al 2006, Zschech et al 2007, Baca et al 2007, Schmidt et al 2009, Heintz et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects Related to Silicon Nanoparticles Exposures

Aydın¹,

Türkez²,

Hacımüftüoğlu³

2017

AKU-J. Sci. Eng.

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Silicon nanoparticles are widely used for various applications including environmental, biological, chemical and physical. And, to translate these nanomaterials to the clinic and industrial domains, their safety needs to be verified, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate of cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression profiles influenced by commonly silicon (as silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride) nanoparticles in human alveolar epithelial (HPAEpiC) and pharynx (HPPC) cell lines in vitro since inhalation is an important pathway for exposure to these nanoparticles. HPAEpiC and HPPC cells were treated with silicon (0-100 µg/mL), nanoparticles for 72 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by, [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, while genotoxicity was also analyzed by cDNA array -RT-PCR assay. According to the results of MTT and LDH assays, all tested nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity on both HPAEpiC and HPPC cells in dose-dependent manner. Determining and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HPAEpiC and HPPC cells, silicon nanoparticles showed changes in genes related to apoptosis, DNA damage or repair and oxidative stress. This study of gene expression profiles affected by nanotoxicity provides critical information for the clinical and environmental applications of silicon nanoparticles. Silikon Nanopartikül Maruziyetine Bağlı Olarak Oluşan İn Vitro Sitotoksik ve Moleküler Etkiler Anahtar kelimelerAlveolar epitel hücreleri; Genotoksisite; In vitro gen ekspresyonu; Nanotoksisite; Silikon nanopartikülleri ÖzetSilikon nanopartikülleri çevresel, biyolojik, kimyasal ve fiziksel amaçlarla çeşitli alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu nanopartiküllerin klinik ve endüstriyel alanlarda kullanılabilmesi için güvenilirlikleri özellikle genotoksisite ve sitotoksisite açısından doğrulanmalıdır. Bu yüzden mevcut çalışmada, yaygın olarak kullanılan silikon nanopartiküllerinin ( silikon karbid, silikon dioksit, silikon nitrit) insan alveolar epitel (HPAEpiC) ve farinks (HPPC) hücrelerindeki sitotoksisitesi ve gen ekspresyon profillerindeki değişimlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. HPAEpiC ve HPPC hücreleri 72 saat boyunca silikon nanopartikülleriyle (0-100 µg/mL) muamele edildi. Nanopartiküllerin sitotoksisite değerlendirmeleri için 3-(4,5 dimetylthiazol -2-yl) -2,5 diphenltetrazolium bromide (MTT) ve laktat dehidrogenaz salınım (LDH) yöntemleri kullanılırken; genotoksisite analizi için cDNA array -RT-PCR yöntemi kullanıldı. MTT ve LDH yöntemi sonuçlarına göre, uygulanan bütün test nanopartikülleri hem HPAEpiC hem de HPPC hücre hatlarında doza bağlı olarak sitotoksisiteyi indüklemiştir. HPAEpiC ve HPPC hücrelerinin ilgili genler açısından (apoptozis, DNA fasarı ve tamiri, oksidatif stres) gen ekspresyon profilleri incelendiğinde silikon naopartiküllerinin ekspresyonu değiştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen nanotoksisiteye bağlı olarak ol...

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“…We followed this approach by developing SLNs loaded with vegetable oils from Brazilian flora, which is rich in antioxidant substances. We used a powerful multiphoton imaging technique (MPT-FLIM) to verify interaction between formulations and skin in human volunteers, as well as ex vivo (Franz cell) tests of skin permeation [18,19,24,25,26]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FLIM images were taken at 3 depths within the viable epidermis corresponding to the stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. FLIM images were analyzed with SPC Image 5.2 software (Becker & Hickl, Berlin, Germany) as previously described [18,19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Natural Botanical Oil for Sun Protection: Characterization and in vitro and in vivo Human Skin Permeation and Toxicity

Andréo-Filho

Bim

Kaneko

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The use of sunscreen products is widely promoted by schools, government agencies, and health-related organizations to minimize sunburn and skin damage. In this study, we developed stable solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing the chemical UV filter octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC). In parallel, we produced similar stable SLNs in which 20% of the OMC content was replaced by the botanical urucum oil. When these SLNs were applied to the skin of human volunteers, no changes in fluorescence lifetimes or redox ratios of the endogenous skin fluorophores were seen, suggesting that the formulations did not induce toxic responses in the skin. Ex vivo (skin diffusion) tests showed no significant penetration. In vitro studies showed that when 20% of the OMC was replaced by urucum oil, there was no reduction in skin protection factor (SPF), suggesting that a decrease in the amount of chemical filter may be a viable alternative for an effective sunscreen, in combination with an antioxidant-rich vegetable oil, such as urucum. There is a strong trend towards increasing safety of sun protection products through reduction in the use of chemical UV filters. This work supports this approach by producing formulations with lower concentrations of OMC, while maintaining the SPF. Further investigations of SPF in vivo are needed to assess the suitability of these formulations for human use.

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Effect of Flexing and Massage on in Vivo Human Skin Penetration and Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract: Exposure of normal in vivo human skin to these nanoparticles under common in-use conditions of flexing or massage is not associated with significant adverse events.

Cited by 50 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of Quantum Dot Skin Penetration in Porcine Skin: Effect of Age and Anatomical Site of Topical Application

Evaluation of Quantum Dot Skin Penetration in Porcine Skin: Effect of Age and Anatomical Site of Topical Application

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects Related to Silicon Nanoparticles Exposures

Development and Evaluation of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Natural Botanical Oil for Sun Protection: Characterization and in vitro and in vivo Human Skin Permeation and Toxicity

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